Staging Environment: Content and features may be unstable or change without notice.
Advisory details: github_osv / GHSA-72qj-48g4-5xgx
Advisory ID github_osv/GHSA-72qj-48g4-5xgx
Aliases CVE-2025-46551
Summary JRuby-OpenSSL has hostname verification disabled by default ### Summary When verifying SSL certificates, jruby-openssl is not verifying that the hostname presented in the certificate matches the one we are trying to connect to, meaning a MITM could just present _any_ valid cert for a completely different domain they own, and JRuby wouldn't complain. ### Details n/a ### PoC An example domain bad.substitutealert.com was created to present the a certificate for the domain s8a.me. The following script run in IRB in CRuby 3.4.3 will fail with `certificate verify failed (hostname mismatch)`, but will work just fine in JRuby 10.0.0.0 and JRuby 9.4.2.0, both of which use jruby-openssl version 0.15.3 ```ruby require "net/http" require "openssl" uri = URI("https://bad.substitutealert.com/") https = Net::HTTP.new(uri.host, uri.port) https.use_ssl = true https.verify_mode = OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER body = https.start { https.get(uri.request_uri).body } puts body ``` ### Impact Anybody using JRuby to make requests of external APIs, or scraping the web, that depends on https to connect securely
Status Published
Exploitability 0.5
Weighted Severity 5.1
Risk 2.5
Affected and Fixed Packages Package Details
Introduced and Fixed Package Commit Patches Package Commit Patches Details
Weaknesses (2)
CWE-297 Improper Validation of Certificate with Host Mismatch
CWE-295 Improper Certificate Validation
System Score Found at
cvssv4 5.7 https://github.com/github/advisory-database/blob/main/advisories/github-reviewed/2025/05/GHSA-72qj-48g4-5xgx/GHSA-72qj-48g4-5xgx.json
generic_textual MODERATE
Reference id Reference type URL
https://github.com/jruby/jruby-openssl
https://github.com/jruby/jruby-openssl/commit/31a56d690ce9b8af47af09aaaf809081949ed285
https://github.com/jruby/jruby-openssl/commit/b1fc5d645c0d90891b8865925ac1c15e3f15a055
CVE-2025-46551 https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-46551
CVE-2025-46551.YML https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/jruby-openssl/CVE-2025-46551.yml
GHSA-72qj-48g4-5xgx https://github.com/jruby/jruby-openssl/security/advisories/GHSA-72qj-48g4-5xgx
No exploits are available.

No EPSS data available for this advisory.

Patch URL
There are no known patches.
Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P Found at https://github.com/github/advisory-database/blob/main/advisories/github-reviewed/2025/05/GHSA-72qj-48g4-5xgx/GHSA-72qj-48g4-5xgx.json
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Attack Requirements (AT) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Vulnerable System Impact Confidentiality (VC) Vulnerable System Impact Integrity (VI) Vulnerable System Impact Availability (VA) Subsequent System Impact Confidentiality (SC) Subsequent System Impact Integrity (SI) Subsequent System Impact Availability (SA)

network

adjacent

local

physical

low

high

none

present

none

low

high

none

passive

active

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none

Vector: SSVCv2/E:P/A:N/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-05-07T20:15:30Z/

Decision: Track

Source URL: https://github.com/cisagov/vulnrichment/blob/develop/2025/46xxx/CVE-2025-46551.json

Source Advisory: vulnrichment/CVE-2025-46551

View SSVC decision tree 
[{'Exploitation': 'poc'},
 {'Automatable': 'no'},
 {'Technical Impact': 'partial'},
 {'Mission Prevalence': 'minimal'},
 {'Public Well-being Impact': 'material'},
 {'Mission & Well-being': 'medium'}]