{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/173322?format=json","purl":"pkg:gem/passenger@5.3.1","type":"gem","namespace":"","name":"passenger","version":"5.3.1","qualifiers":{},"subpath":"","is_vulnerable":true,"next_non_vulnerable_version":"5.3.2","latest_non_vulnerable_version":"6.0.26","affected_by_vulnerabilities":[{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/vulnerabilities/9470?format=json","vulnerability_id":"VCID-a91w-ppku-ebfc","summary":"Information Exposure\nGiven a Passenger-spawned application process that reports that it listens on a certain Unix domain socket, if any of the parent directories of said socket are writable by a normal user that is not the application's user, then that non-application user can swap that directory with something else, resulting in traffic being redirected to a non-application user's process through an alternative Unix domain socket.","references":[{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2018-12027.json","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"6.3","scoring_system":"cvssv3","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N"}],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2018-12027.json"},{"reference_url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2018-12027","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"0.00275","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.50863","published_at":"2026-05-07T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00275","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.50901","published_at":"2026-04-02T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00275","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.50927","published_at":"2026-04-04T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00275","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.50885","published_at":"2026-04-07T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00275","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.50942","published_at":"2026-04-08T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00275","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.50939","published_at":"2026-04-09T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00275","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.50981","published_at":"2026-04-16T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00275","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.5096","published_at":"2026-04-12T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00275","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.50943","published_at":"2026-04-13T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00275","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.50987","published_at":"2026-04-18T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00275","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.50967","published_at":"2026-04-21T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00275","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.50915","published_at":"2026-04-24T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00275","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.50923","published_at":"2026-04-26T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00275","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.50884","published_at":"2026-04-29T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00275","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.50811","published_at":"2026-05-05T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00275","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.50846","published_at":"2026-04-01T12:55:00Z"}],"url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2018-12027"},{"reference_url":"https://blog.phusion.nl/passenger-5-3-2","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"8.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"8.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://blog.phusion.nl/passenger-5-3-2"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/phusion/passenger","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"8.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/phusion/passenger"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/passenger/CVE-2018-12027.yml","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"8.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/passenger/CVE-2018-12027.yml"},{"reference_url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1592619","reference_id":"1592619","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1592619"},{"reference_url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/search/results?adv_search=true&isCpeNameSearch=true&query=cpe:2.3:a:phusion:passenger:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","reference_id":"cpe:2.3:a:phusion:passenger:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/search/results?adv_search=true&isCpeNameSearch=true&query=cpe:2.3:a:phusion:passenger:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"},{"reference_url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-12027","reference_id":"CVE-2018-12027","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"6.5","scoring_system":"cvssv2","scoring_elements":"AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:P/I:P/A:P"},{"value":"8.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"8.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-12027"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-whfx-877c-5p28","reference_id":"GHSA-whfx-877c-5p28","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1_qr","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-whfx-877c-5p28"},{"reference_url":"https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201807-02","reference_id":"GLSA-201807-02","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"8.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201807-02"}],"fixed_packages":[{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/29114?format=json","purl":"pkg:gem/passenger@5.3.2","is_vulnerable":false,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:gem/passenger@5.3.2"}],"aliases":["CVE-2018-12027","GHSA-whfx-877c-5p28"],"risk_score":4.0,"exploitability":"0.5","weighted_severity":"8.0","resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/vulnerabilities/VCID-a91w-ppku-ebfc"},{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/vulnerabilities/9466?format=json","vulnerability_id":"VCID-e99s-zs31-c3cn","summary":"Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization (Race Condition)\nA race condition in the nginx module in Phusion Passenger allows local escalation of privileges when a non-standard `passenger_instance_registry_dir` with insufficiently strict permissions is configured. Replacing a file with a symlink after the file was created, but before it was chowned, leads to the target of the link being chowned via the path. Targeting sensitive files such as root's crontab file allows privilege escalation.","references":[{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2018-12029.json","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"}],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2018-12029.json"},{"reference_url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2018-12029","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"0.00099","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.27122","published_at":"2026-05-07T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00099","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.27058","published_at":"2026-05-05T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00099","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.27228","published_at":"2026-04-29T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00099","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.27497","published_at":"2026-04-07T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00099","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.27608","published_at":"2026-04-09T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00099","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.27565","published_at":"2026-04-08T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00099","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.27668","published_at":"2026-04-02T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00099","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.27706","published_at":"2026-04-04T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00099","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.27302","published_at":"2026-04-26T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00099","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.27404","published_at":"2026-04-24T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00099","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.27451","published_at":"2026-04-21T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00099","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.27491","published_at":"2026-04-18T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00099","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.27518","published_at":"2026-04-16T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00099","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.27512","published_at":"2026-04-13T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00099","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.27568","published_at":"2026-04-12T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00099","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.27629","published_at":"2026-04-01T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00099","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.27613","published_at":"2026-04-11T12:55:00Z"}],"url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2018-12029"},{"reference_url":"https://blog.phusion.nl/2018/06/12/passenger-5-3-2-various-security-fixes","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.0","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://blog.phusion.nl/2018/06/12/passenger-5-3-2-various-security-fixes"},{"reference_url":"https://blog.phusion.nl/2018/06/12/passenger-5-3-2-various-security-fixes/","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.0","scoring_system":"cvssv3","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://blog.phusion.nl/2018/06/12/passenger-5-3-2-various-security-fixes/"},{"reference_url":"https://blog.phusion.nl/passenger-5-3-2","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.0","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://blog.phusion.nl/passenger-5-3-2"},{"reference_url":"https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2018-12029","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2018-12029"},{"reference_url":"https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/yaml/suse-cvss-scores.yaml","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"8.1","scoring_system":"cvssv3","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"}],"url":"https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/yaml/suse-cvss-scores.yaml"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/passenger/CVE-2018-12029.yml","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.0","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/passenger/CVE-2018-12029.yml"},{"reference_url":"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/06/msg00007.html","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.0","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/06/msg00007.html"},{"reference_url":"https://pulsesecurity.co.nz/advisories/phusion-passenger-priv-esc","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.0","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://pulsesecurity.co.nz/advisories/phusion-passenger-priv-esc"},{"reference_url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1592612","reference_id":"1592612","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1592612"},{"reference_url":"https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=921767","reference_id":"921767","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=921767"},{"reference_url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/search/results?adv_search=true&isCpeNameSearch=true&query=cpe:2.3:a:phusion:passenger:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","reference_id":"cpe:2.3:a:phusion:passenger:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/search/results?adv_search=true&isCpeNameSearch=true&query=cpe:2.3:a:phusion:passenger:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"},{"reference_url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/search/results?adv_search=true&isCpeNameSearch=true&query=cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","reference_id":"cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/search/results?adv_search=true&isCpeNameSearch=true&query=cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"},{"reference_url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-12029","reference_id":"CVE-2018-12029","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"4.4","scoring_system":"cvssv2","scoring_elements":"AV:L/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"},{"value":"7.0","scoring_system":"cvssv3","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"7.0","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-12029"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-jjcj-fgfm-9g9r","reference_id":"GHSA-jjcj-fgfm-9g9r","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1_qr","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-jjcj-fgfm-9g9r"},{"reference_url":"https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201807-02","reference_id":"GLSA-201807-02","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.0","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201807-02"},{"reference_url":"https://usn.ubuntu.com/USN-5261-1/","reference_id":"USN-USN-5261-1","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://usn.ubuntu.com/USN-5261-1/"}],"fixed_packages":[{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/29114?format=json","purl":"pkg:gem/passenger@5.3.2","is_vulnerable":false,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:gem/passenger@5.3.2"}],"aliases":["CVE-2018-12029","GHSA-jjcj-fgfm-9g9r"],"risk_score":4.0,"exploitability":"0.5","weighted_severity":"8.0","resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/vulnerabilities/VCID-e99s-zs31-c3cn"},{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/vulnerabilities/9469?format=json","vulnerability_id":"VCID-etvv-bvc3-qyan","summary":"Improper Link Resolution Before File Access\nDuring the spawning of a malicious Passenger-managed application, SpawningKit in Phusion Passenger allows such applications to replace key files or directories in the spawning communication directory with symlinks. This then could result in arbitrary reads and writes, which in turn can result in information disclosure and privilege escalation.","references":[{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2018-12026.json","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.1","scoring_system":"cvssv3","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N"}],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2018-12026.json"},{"reference_url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2018-12026","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"0.01123","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.78382","published_at":"2026-05-07T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.01123","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.78321","published_at":"2026-04-24T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.01123","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.78208","published_at":"2026-04-01T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.01123","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.78328","published_at":"2026-04-26T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.01123","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.78217","published_at":"2026-04-02T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.01123","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.78247","published_at":"2026-04-04T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.01123","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.78229","published_at":"2026-04-07T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.01123","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.78255","published_at":"2026-04-08T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.01123","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.78261","published_at":"2026-04-09T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.01123","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.78286","published_at":"2026-04-11T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.01123","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.78269","published_at":"2026-04-12T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.01123","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.78264","published_at":"2026-04-13T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.01123","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.78295","published_at":"2026-04-16T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.01123","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.78293","published_at":"2026-04-18T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.01123","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.78289","published_at":"2026-04-21T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.01123","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.78356","published_at":"2026-05-05T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.01123","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.78344","published_at":"2026-04-29T12:55:00Z"}],"url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2018-12026"},{"reference_url":"https://blog.phusion.nl/2018/06/12/passenger-5-3-2-various-security-fixes","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"9.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://blog.phusion.nl/2018/06/12/passenger-5-3-2-various-security-fixes"},{"reference_url":"https://blog.phusion.nl/2018/06/12/passenger-5-3-2-various-security-fixes/","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"9.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://blog.phusion.nl/2018/06/12/passenger-5-3-2-various-security-fixes/"},{"reference_url":"https://blog.phusion.nl/passenger-5-3-2","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"9.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://blog.phusion.nl/passenger-5-3-2"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/phusion/passenger","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"9.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/phusion/passenger"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/phusion/passenger/commit/fd3717a3cd357aa0e80e1e81d4dc94a1eaf928f1","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"9.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/phusion/passenger/commit/fd3717a3cd357aa0e80e1e81d4dc94a1eaf928f1"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/passenger/CVE-2018-12026.yml","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"9.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/passenger/CVE-2018-12026.yml"},{"reference_url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1592616","reference_id":"1592616","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1592616"},{"reference_url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/search/results?adv_search=true&isCpeNameSearch=true&query=cpe:2.3:a:phusion:passenger:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","reference_id":"cpe:2.3:a:phusion:passenger:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/search/results?adv_search=true&isCpeNameSearch=true&query=cpe:2.3:a:phusion:passenger:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"},{"reference_url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-12026","reference_id":"CVE-2018-12026","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv2","scoring_elements":"AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"},{"value":"9.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"9.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-12026"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-7cv3-gvmc-8mq5","reference_id":"GHSA-7cv3-gvmc-8mq5","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1_qr","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-7cv3-gvmc-8mq5"},{"reference_url":"https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201807-02","reference_id":"GLSA-201807-02","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"9.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201807-02"}],"fixed_packages":[{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/29114?format=json","purl":"pkg:gem/passenger@5.3.2","is_vulnerable":false,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:gem/passenger@5.3.2"}],"aliases":["CVE-2018-12026","GHSA-7cv3-gvmc-8mq5"],"risk_score":4.5,"exploitability":"0.5","weighted_severity":"9.0","resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/vulnerabilities/VCID-etvv-bvc3-qyan"},{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/vulnerabilities/9465?format=json","vulnerability_id":"VCID-xn3j-fysa-ybga","summary":"Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource\nAn Incorrect Access Control vulnerability in SpawningKit in Phusion Passenger allows a Passenger-managed malicious application, upon spawning a child process, to report an arbitrary different PID back to Passenger's process manager. If the malicious application then generates an error, it would cause Passenger's process manager to kill said reported arbitrary PID.","references":[{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2018-12028.json","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"4.7","scoring_system":"cvssv3","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"}],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2018-12028.json"},{"reference_url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2018-12028","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"0.00175","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.38619","published_at":"2026-05-07T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00175","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.38546","published_at":"2026-05-05T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00175","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.38668","published_at":"2026-04-29T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00175","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.38757","published_at":"2026-04-26T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00175","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.3878","published_at":"2026-04-24T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00175","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.39079","published_at":"2026-04-08T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00175","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.39106","published_at":"2026-04-11T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00175","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.39085","published_at":"2026-04-02T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00175","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.39105","published_at":"2026-04-16T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00175","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.39023","published_at":"2026-04-07T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00175","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.39094","published_at":"2026-04-09T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00175","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.38988","published_at":"2026-04-21T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00175","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.39075","published_at":"2026-04-18T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00175","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.39049","published_at":"2026-04-13T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00175","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.38897","published_at":"2026-04-01T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00175","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.39069","published_at":"2026-04-12T12:55:00Z"}],"url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2018-12028"},{"reference_url":"https://blog.phusion.nl/passenger-5-3-2","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"7.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://blog.phusion.nl/passenger-5-3-2"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/phusion/passenger","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/phusion/passenger"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/phusion/passenger/commit/1e7c82deb4901c438f583737d8c9f2aac264737c","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/phusion/passenger/commit/1e7c82deb4901c438f583737d8c9f2aac264737c"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/passenger/CVE-2018-12028.yml","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/passenger/CVE-2018-12028.yml"},{"reference_url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1592621","reference_id":"1592621","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1592621"},{"reference_url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/search/results?adv_search=true&isCpeNameSearch=true&query=cpe:2.3:a:phusion:passenger:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","reference_id":"cpe:2.3:a:phusion:passenger:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/search/results?adv_search=true&isCpeNameSearch=true&query=cpe:2.3:a:phusion:passenger:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"},{"reference_url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-12028","reference_id":"CVE-2018-12028","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"6.8","scoring_system":"cvssv2","scoring_elements":"AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"},{"value":"7.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"7.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-12028"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-jjhj-8gx7-x836","reference_id":"GHSA-jjhj-8gx7-x836","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1_qr","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-jjhj-8gx7-x836"},{"reference_url":"https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201807-02","reference_id":"GLSA-201807-02","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201807-02"}],"fixed_packages":[{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/29114?format=json","purl":"pkg:gem/passenger@5.3.2","is_vulnerable":false,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:gem/passenger@5.3.2"}],"aliases":["CVE-2018-12028","GHSA-jjhj-8gx7-x836"],"risk_score":4.0,"exploitability":"0.5","weighted_severity":"8.0","resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/vulnerabilities/VCID-xn3j-fysa-ybga"},{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/vulnerabilities/9477?format=json","vulnerability_id":"VCID-z5g4-xxf6-vbbh","summary":"Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource\nAn issue was discovered in Phusion Passenger. The set of groups (gidset) is not set correctly, leaving it up to randomness (i.e., uninitialized memory) which supplementary groups are actually being set while lowering privileges.","references":[{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2018-12615.json","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.3","scoring_system":"cvssv3","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L"}],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2018-12615.json"},{"reference_url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2018-12615","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"0.00198","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.4161","published_at":"2026-05-07T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00198","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.41895","published_at":"2026-04-08T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00198","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.41906","published_at":"2026-04-09T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00198","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.4193","published_at":"2026-04-11T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00198","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.41894","published_at":"2026-04-12T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00198","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.41882","published_at":"2026-04-13T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00198","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.41932","published_at":"2026-04-16T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00198","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.41905","published_at":"2026-04-18T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00198","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.41833","published_at":"2026-04-21T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00198","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.4176","published_at":"2026-04-24T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00198","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.41761","published_at":"2026-04-26T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00198","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.41682","published_at":"2026-04-29T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00198","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.41541","published_at":"2026-05-05T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00198","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.41825","published_at":"2026-04-01T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00198","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.4189","published_at":"2026-04-02T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00198","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.41918","published_at":"2026-04-04T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00198","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.41846","published_at":"2026-04-07T12:55:00Z"}],"url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2018-12615"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/phusion/passenger","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.3","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/phusion/passenger"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/phusion/passenger/commit/4e97fdb86d0a0141ec9a052c6e691fcd07bb45c8","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.3","scoring_system":"cvssv3","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"5.3","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/phusion/passenger/commit/4e97fdb86d0a0141ec9a052c6e691fcd07bb45c8"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/passenger/CVE-2018-12615.yml","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.3","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/passenger/CVE-2018-12615.yml"},{"reference_url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1594361","reference_id":"1594361","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1594361"},{"reference_url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/search/results?adv_search=true&isCpeNameSearch=true&query=cpe:2.3:a:phusion:passenger:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","reference_id":"cpe:2.3:a:phusion:passenger:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/search/results?adv_search=true&isCpeNameSearch=true&query=cpe:2.3:a:phusion:passenger:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"},{"reference_url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-12615","reference_id":"CVE-2018-12615","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.0","scoring_system":"cvssv2","scoring_elements":"AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N"},{"value":"5.3","scoring_system":"cvssv3","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N"},{"value":"5.3","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-12615"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-4284-jfhc-f854","reference_id":"GHSA-4284-jfhc-f854","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"MODE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