{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/384724?format=json","purl":"pkg:gem/ruby-saml@1.15.0","type":"gem","namespace":"","name":"ruby-saml","version":"1.15.0","qualifiers":{},"subpath":"","is_vulnerable":true,"next_non_vulnerable_version":"1.18.1","latest_non_vulnerable_version":"1.18.1","affected_by_vulnerabilities":[{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/vulnerabilities/33441?format=json","vulnerability_id":"VCID-a9pt-8n5r-b7gu","summary":"Ruby SAML DOS vulnerability with large SAML response\n### Summary\nA denial-of-service vulnerability exists in ruby-saml even with the message_max_bytesize setting configured. The vulnerability occurs because the SAML response is validated for Base64 format prior to checking the message size, leading to potential resource exhaustion.\n\n### Details\n`ruby-saml` includes a `message_max_bytesize` setting intended to prevent DOS attacks and decompression bombs. However, this protection is ineffective in some cases due to the order of operations in the code:\n\nhttps://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/blob/fbbedc978300deb9355a8e505849666974ef2e67/lib/onelogin/ruby-saml/saml_message.rb\n\n```ruby\n      def decode_raw_saml(saml, settings = nil)\n        return saml unless base64_encoded?(saml) # <--- Issue here. Should be moved after next code block.\n\n        settings = OneLogin::RubySaml::Settings.new if settings.nil?\n        if saml.bytesize > settings.message_max_bytesize\n          raise ValidationError.new(\"Encoded SAML Message exceeds \" + settings.message_max_bytesize.to_s + \" bytes, so was rejected\")\n        end\n\n        decoded = decode(saml)\n        ...\n      end\n```\n\nThe vulnerability is in the execution order. Prior to checking bytesize the `base64_encoded?` function performs regex matching on the entire input string:\n\n```ruby\n!!string.gsub(/[\\r\\n]|\\\\r|\\\\n|\\s/, \"\").match(BASE64_FORMAT)\n```\n\n### Impact\n_What kind of vulnerability is it? Who is impacted?_\n\nWhen successfully exploited, this vulnerability can lead to:\n\n- Excessive memory consumption\n- High CPU utilization\n- Application slowdown or unresponsiveness\n- Complete application crash in severe cases\n- Potential denial of service for legitimate users\n\nAll applications using `ruby-saml` with SAML configured and enabled are vulnerable.\n\n### Potential Solution\n\nReorder the validation steps to ensure max bytesize is checked first\n\n```ruby\ndef decode_raw_saml(saml, settings = nil)\n  settings = OneLogin::RubySaml::Settings.new if settings.nil?\n\n  if saml.bytesize > settings.message_max_bytesize\n    raise ValidationError.new(\"Encoded SAML Message exceeds \" + settings.message_max_bytesize.to_s + \" bytes, so was rejected\")\n  end\n  \n  return saml unless base64_encoded?(saml)\n  decoded = decode(saml)\n  ...\nend\n```","references":[{"reference_url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-54572","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"0.00581","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.69224","published_at":"2026-05-29T12:55:00Z"}],"url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-54572"},{"reference_url":"https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2025-54572","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2025-54572"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/ruby-saml/CVE-2025-54572.yml","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"6.9","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/ruby-saml/CVE-2025-54572.yml"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"6.9","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/38ef5dd1ce17514e202431f569c4f5633e6c2709","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"6.9","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-07-30T14:17:38Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/38ef5dd1ce17514e202431f569c4f5633e6c2709"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/pull/770","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"6.9","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-07-30T14:17:38Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/pull/770"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.18.1","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"6.9","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-07-30T14:17:38Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.18.1"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-rrqh-93c8-j966","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"6.9","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-07-30T14:17:38Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-rrqh-93c8-j966"},{"reference_url":"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/09/msg00001.html","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"6.9","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/09/msg00001.html"},{"reference_url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54572","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"6.9","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54572"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-rrqh-93c8-j966","reference_id":"GHSA-rrqh-93c8-j966","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-rrqh-93c8-j966"}],"fixed_packages":[{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/65702?format=json","purl":"pkg:gem/ruby-saml@1.18.1","is_vulnerable":false,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:gem/ruby-saml@1.18.1"}],"aliases":["CVE-2025-54572","GHSA-rrqh-93c8-j966"],"risk_score":null,"exploitability":null,"weighted_severity":null,"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/vulnerabilities/VCID-a9pt-8n5r-b7gu"},{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/vulnerabilities/8756?format=json","vulnerability_id":"VCID-c1wy-yxye-qbeb","summary":"SAML authentication bypass via Incorrect XPath selector\nRuby-SAML in <= 12.2 and 1.13.0 <= 1.16.0 does not properly verify the signature of the SAML Response. An unauthenticated attacker with access to any signed saml document (by the IdP) can thus forge a SAML Response/Assertion with arbitrary contents. This would allow the attacker to log in as arbitrary user within the vulnerable system.\n\nThis vulnerability was reported by ahacker1 of SecureSAML (ahacker1@securesaml.com)","references":[{"reference_url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2024-45409","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"0.44644","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.9763","published_at":"2026-05-29T12:55:00Z"}],"url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2024-45409"},{"reference_url":"https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2024-45409","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2024-45409"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/commit/4274e9d57e65f2dcaae4aa3b2accf831494f2ddd","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"10.0","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N"},{"value":"9.9","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/commit/4274e9d57e65f2dcaae4aa3b2accf831494f2ddd"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-cvp8-5r8g-fhvq","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"10","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N"},{"value":"10.0","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N"},{"value":"9.9","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:T/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2024-09-10T19:10:27Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-cvp8-5r8g-fhvq"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/omniauth-saml/CVE-2024-45409.yml","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"10.0","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N"},{"value":"9.9","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/omniauth-saml/CVE-2024-45409.yml"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/omniauth-saml/GHSA-cvp8-5r8g-fhvq.yml","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"10.0","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N"},{"value":"9.9","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/omniauth-saml/GHSA-cvp8-5r8g-fhvq.yml"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/ruby-saml/CVE-2024-45409.yml","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"10.0","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N"},{"value":"9.9","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/ruby-saml/CVE-2024-45409.yml"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"10.0","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N"},{"value":"9.9","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/1ec5392bc506fe43a02dbb66b68741051c5ffeae","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"10.0","scoring_system":"cvssv3","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"10","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N"},{"value":"10.0","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N"},{"value":"9.9","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:T/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2024-09-10T19:10:27Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/1ec5392bc506fe43a02dbb66b68741051c5ffeae"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/4865d030cae9705ee5cdb12415c654c634093ae7","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"10","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N"},{"value":"10.0","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N"},{"value":"9.9","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:T/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2024-09-10T19:10:27Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/4865d030cae9705ee5cdb12415c654c634093ae7"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-jw9c-mfg7-9rx2","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"10","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N"},{"value":"10.0","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1_qr","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"9.9","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:T/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2024-09-10T19:10:27Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-jw9c-mfg7-9rx2"},{"reference_url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-45409","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"10.0","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N"},{"value":"9.9","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-45409"},{"reference_url":"https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1081560","reference_id":"1081560","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1081560"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-jw9c-mfg7-9rx2","reference_id":"GHSA-jw9c-mfg7-9rx2","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1_qr","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-jw9c-mfg7-9rx2"},{"reference_url":"https://usn.ubuntu.com/7309-1/","reference_id":"USN-7309-1","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://usn.ubuntu.com/7309-1/"}],"fixed_packages":[{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/22523?format=json","purl":"pkg:gem/ruby-saml@1.17.0","is_vulnerable":true,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[{"vulnerability":"VCID-a9pt-8n5r-b7gu"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-g26h-3z3c-83h3"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-qchg-dfd3-cfab"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-qd7m-cn7v-abga"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-qsrb-5w7m-wyc8"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-xctg-a3t3-zyen"}],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:gem/ruby-saml@1.17.0"}],"aliases":["CVE-2024-45409","GHSA-jw9c-mfg7-9rx2"],"risk_score":null,"exploitability":null,"weighted_severity":null,"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/vulnerabilities/VCID-c1wy-yxye-qbeb"},{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/vulnerabilities/29876?format=json","vulnerability_id":"VCID-g26h-3z3c-83h3","summary":"Ruby-saml has a SAML authentication bypass due to namespace handling (parser differential)\n### Summary\n\nRuby-saml up to and including 1.12.4, there is an authentication bypass vulnerability because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2025-25292. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently, the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. The vulnerability does not affect the version 1.18.0.\n\n### Impact\nThat allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack and bypass the authentication","references":[{"reference_url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-66567","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"0.0005","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.16086","published_at":"2026-05-29T12:55:00Z"}],"url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-66567"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-754f-8gm6-c4r2","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"9.3","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:T/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-12-09T14:16:33Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-754f-8gm6-c4r2"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/ruby-saml/CVE-2025-66567.yml","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"9.3","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/ruby-saml/CVE-2025-66567.yml"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"9.3","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e9c1cdbd0f9afa467b585de279db0cbd0fb8ae97","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"9.3","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:T/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-12-09T14:16:33Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e9c1cdbd0f9afa467b585de279db0cbd0fb8ae97"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-9v8j-x534-2fx3","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"9.1","scoring_system":"cvssv3","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1_qr","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"9.3","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:T/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-12-09T14:16:33Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-9v8j-x534-2fx3"},{"reference_url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-66567","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"9.3","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-66567"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-9v8j-x534-2fx3","reference_id":"GHSA-9v8j-x534-2fx3","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1_qr","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-9v8j-x534-2fx3"}],"fixed_packages":[{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/63240?format=json","purl":"pkg:gem/ruby-saml@1.18.0","is_vulnerable":true,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[{"vulnerability":"VCID-a9pt-8n5r-b7gu"}],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:gem/ruby-saml@1.18.0"}],"aliases":["CVE-2025-66567","GHSA-9v8j-x534-2fx3"],"risk_score":null,"exploitability":null,"weighted_severity":null,"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/vulnerabilities/VCID-g26h-3z3c-83h3"},{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/vulnerabilities/31617?format=json","vulnerability_id":"VCID-qchg-dfd3-cfab","summary":"Ruby SAML allows a SAML authentication bypass due to namespace handling (parser differential)\n### Summary\nAn authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml due to a parser differential.\nReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently, the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack.\n\n### Impact\nThis issue may lead to authentication bypass.","references":[{"reference_url":"https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patch-release-gitlab-17-9-2-released","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"9.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"9.3","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:T/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-03-18T14:32:48Z/"}],"url":"https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patch-release-gitlab-17-9-2-released"},{"reference_url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-25292","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"0.04077","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.88739","published_at":"2026-05-29T12:55:00Z"}],"url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-25292"},{"reference_url":"https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2025-25292","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2025-25292"},{"reference_url":"https://github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-bypassing-saml-sso-authentication-with-parser-differentials","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"9.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"9.3","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:T/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-03-18T14:32:48Z/"}],"url":"https://github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-bypassing-saml-sso-authentication-with-parser-differentials"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-hw46-3hmr-x9xv","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"9.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"9.3","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:T/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-03-18T14:32:48Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-hw46-3hmr-x9xv"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/ruby-saml/CVE-2025-25292.yml","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"9.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"9.3","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/ruby-saml/CVE-2025-25292.yml"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"9.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"9.3","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e76c5b36bac40aedbf1ba7ffaaf495be63328cd9","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"9.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"9.3","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:T/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-03-18T14:32:48Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e76c5b36bac40aedbf1ba7ffaaf495be63328cd9"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e9c1cdbd0f9afa467b585de279db0cbd0fb8ae97","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"9.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"9.3","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:T/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-03-18T14:32:48Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e9c1cd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SAML allows a SAML authentication bypass due to DOCTYPE handling (parser differential)\n### Summary\nAn authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml due to a parser differential.\nReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently, the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack.\n\n### Impact\nThis issue may lead to authentication bypass.","references":[{"reference_url":"https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patch-release-gitlab-17-9-2-released","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"9.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"9.3","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track*","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:P/A:Y/T:T/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:R/2025-04-03T20:06:31Z/"}],"url":"https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patch-release-gitlab-17-9-2-released"},{"reference_url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-25291","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"0.20843","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.95712","published_at":"2026-05-29T12:55:00Z"}],"url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-25291"},{"reference_url":"https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2025-25291","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2025-25291"},{"reference_url":"https://github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-bypassing-saml-sso-authentication-with-parser-differentials","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"9.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"9.3","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track*","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:P/A:Y/T:T/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:R/2025-04-03T20:06:31Z/"}],"url":"https://github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-bypassing-saml-sso-authentication-with-parser-differentials"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-hw46-3hmr-x9xv","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"9.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"9.3","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track*","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:P/A:Y/T:T/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:R/2025-04-03T20:06:31Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-hw46-3hmr-x9xv"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/ruby-saml/CVE-2025-25291.yml","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"9.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"9.3","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/ruby-saml/CVE-2025-25291.yml"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"9.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"9.3","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e76c5b36bac40aedbf1ba7ffaaf495be63328cd9","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"9.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"9.3","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track*","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:P/A:Y/T:T/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:R/2025-04-03T20:06:31Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e76c5b36bac40aedbf1ba7ffaaf495be63328cd9"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e9c1cdbd0f9afa467b585de279db0cbd0fb8ae97","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"9.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"9.3","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track*","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:P/A:Y/T:T/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:R/2025-04-03T20:06:31Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e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:"","scores":[{"value":"9.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"9.3","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250314-0010"},{"reference_url":"https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1100441","reference_id":"1100441","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1100441"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-4vc4-m8qh-g8jm","reference_id":"GHSA-4vc4-m8qh-g8jm","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-4vc4-m8qh-g8jm"},{"reference_url":"https://usn.ubuntu.com/7409-1/","reference_id":"USN-7409-1","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://usn.ubuntu.com/7409-1/"}],"fixed_packages":[{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/63240?format=json","purl":"pkg:gem/ruby-saml@1.18.0","is_vulnerable":true,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[{"vulnerability":"VCID-a9pt-8n5r-b7gu"}],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:gem/ruby-saml@1.18.0"}],"aliases":["CVE-2025-25291","GHSA-4vc4-m8qh-g8jm"],"risk_score":null,"exploitability":null,"weighted_severity":null,"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/vulnerabilities/VCID-qd7m-cn7v-abga"},{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/vulnerabilities/32517?format=json","vulnerability_id":"VCID-qsrb-5w7m-wyc8","summary":"Ruby SAML allows remote Denial of Service (DoS) with compressed SAML responses\n### Summary\nruby-saml is susceptible to remote Denial of Service (DoS) with compressed SAML responses.\n\nRuby-saml uses zlib to decompress SAML responses in case they're compressed. It is possible to bypass the message size check with a compressed assertion since the message size is checked before inflation and not after.\n\n### Impact\nThis issue may lead to remote Denial of Service (DoS).","references":[{"reference_url":"https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patch-release-gitlab-17-9-2-released","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"7.7","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-03-12T20:36:09Z/"}],"url":"https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patch-release-gitlab-17-9-2-released"},{"reference_url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-25293","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"0.06225","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.91021","published_at":"2026-05-29T12:55:00Z"}],"url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-25293"},{"reference_url":"https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2025-25293","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2025-25293"},{"reference_url":"https://github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-bypassing-saml-sso-authentication-with-parser-differentials","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"7.7","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-03-12T20:36:09Z/"}],"url":"https://github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-bypassing-saml-sso-authentication-with-parser-differentials"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-hw46-3hmr-x9xv","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"7.7","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-03-12T20:36:09Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-hw46-3hmr-x9xv"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/ruby-saml/CVE-2025-25293.yml","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"7.7","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/ruby-saml/CVE-2025-25293.yml"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"7.7","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/acac9e9cc0b9a507882c614f25d41f8b47be349a","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"7.7","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-03-12T20:36:09Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/acac9e9cc0b9a507882c614f25d41f8b47be349a"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e2da4c6dae7dc01a4d9cd221395140a67e2b3eb1","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"7.7","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-03-12T20:36:09Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e2da4c6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":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:gem/ruby-saml@1.18.0"}],"aliases":["CVE-2025-25293","GHSA-92rq-c8cf-prrq"],"risk_score":null,"exploitability":null,"weighted_severity":null,"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/vulnerabilities/VCID-qsrb-5w7m-wyc8"},{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/vulnerabilities/30096?format=json","vulnerability_id":"VCID-xctg-a3t3-zyen","summary":"Ruby-saml allows a Libxml2 Canonicalization error to bypass Digest/Signature validation\n### Summary\nRuby-saml up to and including 1.12.4, there is an authentication bypass vulnerability because of an issue at libxml2 canonicalization process used by Nokogiri for document transformation. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. The vulnerability does not affect the version 1.18.0.\n\n### Details\nWhen libxml2’s canonicalization is invoked on an invalid XML input, it may return an empty string rather than a canonicalized node. ruby-saml then proceeds to compute the DigestValue over this empty string, treating it as if canonicalization succeeded.\n\n### Impact\n1. Digest bypass: By crafting input that causes canonicalization to yield an empty string, the attacker can manipulate validation to pass incorrectly.\n\n2. Signature replay on empty canonical form: If an empty string has been signed once (e.g., in a prior interaction or via a misconfigured flow), that signature can potentially be replayed to bypass authentication.","references":[{"reference_url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-66568","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"0.00048","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.15444","published_at":"2026-05-29T12:55:00Z"}],"url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-66568"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/ruby-saml/CVE-2025-66568.yml","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"9.3","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/ruby-saml/CVE-2025-66568.yml"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"9.3","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/acac9e9cc0b9a507882c614f25d41f8b47be349a","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"9.3","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:T/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-12-09T14:16:24Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/acac9e9cc0b9a507882c614f25d41f8b47be349a"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-x4h9-gwv3-r4m4","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"9.1","scoring_system":"cvssv3","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1_qr","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"9.3","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:T/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-12-09T14:16:24Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-x4h9-gwv3-r4m4"},{"reference_url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-66568","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"9.3","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-66568"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-x4h9-gwv3-r4m4","reference_id":"GHSA-x4h9-gwv3-r4m4","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1_qr","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-x4h9-gwv3-r4m4"}],"fixed_packages":[{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/63240?format=json","purl":"pkg:gem/ruby-saml@1.18.0","is_vulnerable":true,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[{"vulnerability":"VCID-a9pt-8n5r-b7gu"}],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:gem/ruby-saml@1.18.0"}],"aliases":["CVE-2025-66568","GHSA-x4h9-gwv3-r4m4"],"risk_score":null,"exploitability":null,"weighted_severity":null,"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/vulnerabilities/VCID-xctg-a3t3-zyen"}],"fixing_vulnerabilities":[],"risk_score":null,"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:gem/ruby-saml@1.15.0"}