{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/68425?format=json","purl":"pkg:gem/puma@5.6.8","type":"gem","namespace":"","name":"puma","version":"5.6.8","qualifiers":{},"subpath":"","is_vulnerable":true,"next_non_vulnerable_version":"5.6.9","latest_non_vulnerable_version":"6.4.3","affected_by_vulnerabilities":[{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/vulnerabilities/51641?format=json","vulnerability_id":"VCID-jqd6-2kq1-y7fu","summary":"Puma's header normalization allows for client to clobber proxy set headers\n### Impact\n\nClients could clobber values set by intermediate proxies (such as\nX-Forwarded-For) by providing a underscore version of the same\nheader (X-Forwarded_For).\n\nAny users trusting headers set by their proxy may be affected.\nAttackers may be able to downgrade connections to HTTP (non-SSL)\nor redirect responses, which could cause confidentiality leaks\nif combined with a separate MITM attack.\n\n### Patches\nv6.4.3/v5.6.9 now discards any headers using underscores if the\nnon-underscore version also exists.  Effectively, allowing the\nproxy defined headers to always win.\n\n### Workarounds\nNginx has a [underscores_in_headers](https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_core_module.html#underscores_in_headers)\nconfiguration variable to discard these headers at the proxy level.\n\nAny users that are implicitly trusting the proxy defined headers\nfor security or availability should immediately cease doing so\nuntil upgraded to the fixed versions.","references":[{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2024-45614.json","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.4","scoring_system":"cvssv3","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N"}],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2024-45614.json"},{"reference_url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2024-45614","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"0.00803","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.74478","published_at":"2026-06-07T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00803","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.7449","published_at":"2026-06-06T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00803","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.74484","published_at":"2026-06-05T12:55:00Z"}],"url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2024-45614"},{"reference_url":"https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2024-45614","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2024-45614"},{"reference_url":"https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/yaml/suse-cvss-scores.yaml","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.4","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N"}],"url":"https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/yaml/suse-cvss-scores.yaml"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/puma/puma","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.4","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N"},{"value":"6.3","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/puma/puma"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/puma/puma/commit/cac3fd18cf29ed43719ff5d52d9cfec215f0a043","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.4","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N"},{"value":"6.3","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/puma/puma/commit/cac3fd18cf29ed43719ff5d52d9cfec215f0a043"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/puma/puma/commit/f196b23be24712fb8fb16051cc124798cc84f70e","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.4","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N"},{"value":"6.3","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/puma/puma/commit/f196b23be24712fb8fb16051cc124798cc84f70e"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/puma/puma/security/advisories/GHSA-9hf4-67fc-4vf4","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.4","scoring_system":"cvssv3","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"5.4","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1_qr","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"6.3","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:N/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2024-09-20T13:54:35Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/puma/puma/security/advisories/GHSA-9hf4-67fc-4vf4"},{"reference_url":"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/11/msg00004.html","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.4","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N"},{"value":"6.3","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/11/msg00004.html"},{"reference_url":"https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_core_module.html#underscores_in_headers","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.4","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N"},{"value":"6.3","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:N/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2024-09-20T13:54:35Z/"}],"url":"https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_core_module.html#underscores_in_headers"},{"reference_url":"https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1082379","reference_id":"1082379","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1082379"},{"reference_url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2313672","reference_id":"2313672","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2313672"},{"reference_url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-45614","reference_id":"CVE-2024-45614","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.4","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N"},{"value":"6.3","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-45614"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/puma/CVE-2024-45614.yml","reference_id":"CVE-2024-45614.YML","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.4","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N"},{"value":"6.3","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/puma/CVE-2024-45614.yml"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-9hf4-67fc-4vf4","reference_id":"GHSA-9hf4-67fc-4vf4","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1_qr","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-9hf4-67fc-4vf4"},{"reference_url":"https://usn.ubuntu.com/7031-1/","reference_id":"USN-7031-1","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://usn.ubuntu.com/7031-1/"},{"reference_url":"https://usn.ubuntu.com/7031-2/","reference_id":"USN-7031-2","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://usn.ubuntu.com/7031-2/"}],"fixed_packages":[{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/82770?format=json","purl":"pkg:gem/puma@5.6.9","is_vulnerable":false,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:gem/puma@5.6.9"},{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/82771?format=json","purl":"pkg:gem/puma@6.4.3","is_vulnerable":false,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:gem/puma@6.4.3"}],"aliases":["CVE-2024-45614","GHSA-9hf4-67fc-4vf4"],"risk_score":3.1,"exploitability":"0.5","weighted_severity":"6.2","resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/vulnerabilities/VCID-jqd6-2kq1-y7fu"}],"fixing_vulnerabilities":[{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/vulnerabilities/46792?format=json","vulnerability_id":"VCID-qpmp-qmsu-vufy","summary":"Puma HTTP Request/Response Smuggling vulnerability\nPrior to versions 6.4.2 and 5.6.8, puma exhibited dangerous behavior when parsing chunked transfer encoding bodies.\n\nFixed versions limit the size of chunk extensions. Without this limit, an attacker could cause unbounded resource (CPU, network bandwidth) consumption.","references":[{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2024-21647.json","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"}],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2024-21647.json"},{"reference_url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2024-21647","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"0.0246","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.85546","published_at":"2026-06-06T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.0246","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.85541","published_at":"2026-06-07T12:55:00Z"}],"url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2024-21647"},{"reference_url":"https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2024-21647","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2024-21647"},{"reference_url":"https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/yaml/suse-cvss-scores.yaml","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.3","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L"}],"url":"https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/yaml/suse-cvss-scores.yaml"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/puma/puma","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.9","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/puma/puma"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/puma/puma/commit/5fc43d73b6ff193325e657a24ed76dec79133e93","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.9","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:N/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-05-08T15:56:45Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/puma/puma/commit/5fc43d73b6ff193325e657a24ed76dec79133e93"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/puma/puma/commit/60d5ee3734adc8cee85c3f0561af392448fe19b7","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.9","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/puma/puma/commit/60d5ee3734adc8cee85c3f0561af392448fe19b7"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/puma/puma/commit/bbb880ffb6debbfdea535b4b3eb2204d49ae151d","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.9","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/puma/puma/commit/bbb880ffb6debbfdea535b4b3eb2204d49ae151d"},{"reference_url":"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/11/msg00004.html","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.9","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/11/msg00004.html"},{"reference_url":"https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1060345","reference_id":"1060345","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1060345"},{"reference_url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2257340","reference_id":"2257340","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2257340"},{"reference_url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-21647","reference_id":"CVE-2024-21647","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.9","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-21647"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/puma/CVE-2024-21647.yml","reference_id":"CVE-2024-21647.YML","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.9","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/puma/CVE-2024-21647.yml"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-c2f4-cvqm-65w2","reference_id":"GHSA-c2f4-cvqm-65w2","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1_qr","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-c2f4-cvqm-65w2"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/puma/puma/security/advisories/GHSA-c2f4-cvqm-65w2","reference_id":"GHSA-c2f4-cvqm-65w2","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.9","scoring_system":"cvssv3","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"5.9","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1_qr","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:N/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-05-08T15:56:45Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/puma/puma/security/advisories/GHSA-c2f4-cvqm-65w2"},{"reference_url":"https://usn.ubuntu.com/6597-1/","reference_id":"USN-6597-1","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://usn.ubuntu.com/6597-1/"},{"reference_url":"https://usn.ubuntu.com/6682-1/","reference_id":"USN-6682-1","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://usn.ubuntu.com/6682-1/"}],"fixed_packages":[{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/68425?format=json","purl":"pkg:gem/puma@5.6.8","is_vulnerable":true,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[{"vulnerability":"VCID-jqd6-2kq1-y7fu"}],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:gem/puma@5.6.8"},{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/68424?format=json","purl":"pkg:gem/puma@6.4.2","is_vulnerable":true,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[{"vulnerability":"VCID-jqd6-2kq1-y7fu"}],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:gem/puma@6.4.2"}],"aliases":["CVE-2024-21647","GHSA-c2f4-cvqm-65w2"],"risk_score":3.4,"exploitability":"0.5","weighted_severity":"6.8","resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/vulnerabilities/VCID-qpmp-qmsu-vufy"}],"risk_score":"3.1","resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:gem/puma@5.6.8"}