{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/71087?format=json","purl":"pkg:gem/rack@2.2.14","type":"gem","namespace":"","name":"rack","version":"2.2.14","qualifiers":{},"subpath":"","is_vulnerable":true,"next_non_vulnerable_version":"2.2.22","latest_non_vulnerable_version":"3.2.6","affected_by_vulnerabilities":[{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/vulnerabilities/30111?format=json","vulnerability_id":"VCID-7wvj-9h3p-23am","summary":"ReDoS Vulnerability in Rack::Multipart handle_mime_head\n### Summary\nThere is a denial of service vulnerability in the Content-Disposition parsing component of Rack. This is very similar to the previous security issue CVE-2022-44571.\n\n### Details\n\nCarefully crafted input can cause Content-Disposition header parsing in Rack to take an unexpected amount of time, possibly resulting in a denial of service attack vector. This header is used typically used in multipart parsing. Any applications that parse multipart posts using Rack (virtually all Rails applications) are impacted.\n\n### Credits\n\nThanks to [scyoon](https://hackerone.com/scyoon) for reporting this to the Rails security team","references":[{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2025-49007.json","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"}],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2025-49007.json"},{"reference_url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-49007","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"0.00569","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.6856","published_at":"2026-04-13T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00569","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.6859","published_at":"2026-04-12T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00569","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.68602","published_at":"2026-04-11T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00569","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.68576","published_at":"2026-04-09T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00569","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.68558","published_at":"2026-04-08T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00569","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.68507","published_at":"2026-04-07T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00569","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.68528","published_at":"2026-04-04T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00569","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.6851","published_at":"2026-04-02T12:55:00Z"}],"url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-49007"},{"reference_url":"https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/yaml/suse-cvss-scores.yaml","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"6.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N"}],"url":"https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/yaml/suse-cvss-scores.yaml"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rack/rack","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"6.6","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/rack/rack"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/4795831a0a310c2d31102749e551b38faab6401f","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"6.6","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-06-05T13:20:37Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/4795831a0a310c2d31102749e551b38faab6401f"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/aed514df37e33907df3c971ed3ca9a0a20ac2901","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"6.6","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-06-05T13:20:37Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/aed514df37e33907df3c971ed3ca9a0a20ac2901"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-47m2-26rw-j2jw","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1_qr","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"6.6","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-06-05T13:20:37Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-47m2-26rw-j2jw"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/rack/CVE-2025-49007.yml","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"6.6","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/rack/CVE-2025-49007.yml"},{"reference_url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-49007","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"6.6","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-49007"},{"reference_url":"https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1107363","reference_id":"1107363","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1107363"},{"reference_url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2370346","reference_id":"2370346","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2370346"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-47m2-26rw-j2jw","reference_id":"GHSA-47m2-26rw-j2jw","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1_qr","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-47m2-26rw-j2jw"}],"fixed_packages":[{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/70900?format=json","purl":"pkg:gem/rack@3.1.16","is_vulnerable":true,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[{"vulnerability":"VCID-7wvj-9h3p-23am"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-9rpp-9xss-duf6"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-azu5-jcmd-3ufx"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-c5sc-7qnn-mkb9"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-d58r-22kr-9bct"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-npag-sz7d-v7b6"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-s971-gkdg-jkhc"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-skxv-7he3-xqgc"}],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:gem/rack@3.1.16"}],"aliases":["CVE-2025-49007","GHSA-47m2-26rw-j2jw"],"risk_score":3.4,"exploitability":"0.5","weighted_severity":"6.8","resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/vulnerabilities/VCID-7wvj-9h3p-23am"},{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/vulnerabilities/21702?format=json","vulnerability_id":"VCID-9rpp-9xss-duf6","summary":"Rack has a Directory Traversal via Rack:Directory\n## Summary\n\n`Rack::Directory`’s path check used a string prefix match on the expanded path. A request like `/../root_example/` can escape the configured root if the target path starts with the root string, allowing directory listing outside the intended root.\n\n## Details\n\nIn `directory.rb`, `File.expand_path(File.join(root, path_info)).start_with?(root)` does not enforce a path boundary. If the server root is `/var/www/root`, a path like `/var/www/root_backup` passes the check because it shares the same prefix, so `Rack::Directory` will list that directory also. \n\n## Impact\n\nInformation disclosure via directory listing outside the configured root when `Rack::Directory` is exposed to untrusted clients and a directory shares the root prefix (e.g., `public2`, `www_backup`).\n\n## Mitigation\n\n* Update to a patched version of Rack that correctly checks the root prefix.\n* Don't name directories with the same prefix as one which is exposed via `Rack::Directory`.","references":[{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2026-22860.json","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N"}],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2026-22860.json"},{"reference_url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2026-22860","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"0.001","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.27712","published_at":"2026-04-13T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.001","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.27769","published_at":"2026-04-12T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.001","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.27811","published_at":"2026-04-11T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.001","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.27903","published_at":"2026-04-04T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.001","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.27805","published_at":"2026-04-09T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.001","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.27762","published_at":"2026-04-08T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.001","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.27695","published_at":"2026-04-07T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.001","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.27862","published_at":"2026-04-02T12:55:00Z"}],"url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2026-22860"},{"reference_url":"https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2026-22860","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2026-22860"},{"reference_url":"https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/yaml/suse-cvss-scores.yaml","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N"}],"url":"https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/yaml/suse-cvss-scores.yaml"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rack/rack","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/rack/rack"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/75c5745c286637a8f049a33790c71237762069e7","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2026-02-18T19:27:31Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/75c5745c286637a8f049a33790c71237762069e7"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-mxw3-3hh2-x2mh","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1_qr","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2026-02-18T19:27:31Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-mxw3-3hh2-x2mh"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/rack/CVE-2026-22860.yml","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/rack/CVE-2026-22860.yml"},{"reference_url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-22860","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-22860"},{"reference_url":"https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1128479","reference_id":"1128479","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1128479"},{"reference_url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2440737","reference_id":"2440737","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2440737"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-mxw3-3hh2-x2mh","reference_id":"GHSA-mxw3-3hh2-x2mh","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1_qr","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-mxw3-3hh2-x2mh"},{"reference_url":"https://usn.ubuntu.com/8066-1/","reference_id":"USN-8066-1","reference_type":"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multipart parser buffers unbounded per-part headers, enabling DoS (memory exhaustion)\n`Rack::Multipart::Parser` can accumulate unbounded data when a multipart part’s header block never terminates with the required blank line (`CRLFCRLF`). The parser keeps appending incoming bytes to memory without a size cap, allowing a remote attacker to exhaust memory and cause a denial of service 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Multipart parser buffers large non‑file fields entirely in memory, enabling DoS (memory exhaustion)\n`Rack::Multipart::Parser` stores non-file form fields (parts without a `filename`) entirely in memory as Ruby `String` objects. A single large text field in a multipart/form-data request (hundreds of megabytes or more) can consume equivalent process memory, potentially leading to out-of-memory (OOM) conditions and denial of service 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CID-d58r-22kr-9bct"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-s971-gkdg-jkhc"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-skxv-7he3-xqgc"}],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:gem/rack@3.1.17"},{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/64137?format=json","purl":"pkg:gem/rack@3.2.2","is_vulnerable":true,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[{"vulnerability":"VCID-9rpp-9xss-duf6"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-d58r-22kr-9bct"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-s971-gkdg-jkhc"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-skxv-7he3-xqgc"}],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:gem/rack@3.2.2"}],"aliases":["CVE-2025-61771","GHSA-w9pc-fmgc-vxvw"],"risk_score":4.0,"exploitability":"0.5","weighted_severity":"8.0","resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/vulnerabilities/VCID-c5sc-7qnn-mkb9"},{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/vulnerabilities/21773?format=json","vulnerability_id":"VCID-d58r-22kr-9bct","summary":"Rack has a Possible Information Disclosure Vulnerability\nA possible information disclosure vulnerability existed in `Rack::Sendfile` when running behind a proxy that supports `x-sendfile` headers (such as Nginx). Specially crafted headers could cause `Rack::Sendfile` to miscommunicate with the proxy and trigger unintended internal requests, potentially bypassing proxy-level access restrictions.","references":[{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2025-61780.json","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N"}],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2025-61780.json"},{"reference_url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-61780","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"0.00035","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.10396","published_at":"2026-04-13T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00035","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.10418","published_at":"2026-04-12T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00035","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.10462","published_at":"2026-04-11T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00035","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.10434","published_at":"2026-04-09T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00035","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.10368","published_at":"2026-04-08T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00035","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.10294","published_at":"2026-04-07T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00035","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.10394","published_at":"2026-04-04T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00035","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.10328","published_at":"2026-04-02T12:55:00Z"}],"url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-61780"},{"reference_url":"https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2025-61780","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2025-61780"},{"reference_url":"https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/yaml/suse-cvss-scores.yaml","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N"}],"url":"https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/yaml/suse-cvss-scores.yaml"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rack/rack","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/rack/rack"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/57277b7741581fa827472c5c666f6e6a33abd784","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-10-10T20:34:55Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/57277b7741581fa827472c5c666f6e6a33abd784"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/7e69f65eefe9cd2868df9f9f3b0977b86f93523a","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-10-10T20:34:55Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/7e69f65eefe9cd2868df9f9f3b0977b86f93523a"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/fba2c8bc63eb787ff4b19bc612d315fda6126d85","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-10-10T20:34:55Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/fba2c8bc63eb787ff4b19bc612d315fda6126d85"},{"reference_url":"https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1117855","reference_id":"1117855","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1117855"},{"reference_url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2403126","reference_id":"2403126","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2403126"},{"reference_url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61780","reference_id":"CVE-2025-61780","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61780"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/rack/CVE-2025-61780.yml","reference_id":"CVE-2025-61780.YML","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/rack/CVE-2025-61780.yml"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-r657-rxjc-j557","reference_id":"GHSA-r657-rxjc-j557","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1_qr","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-r657-rxjc-j557"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-r657-rxjc-j557","reference_id":"GHSA-r657-rxjc-j557","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"5.8","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1_qr","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-10-10T20:34:55Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-r657-rxjc-j557"},{"reference_url":"https://usn.ubuntu.com/7960-1/","reference_id":"USN-7960-1","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://usn.ubuntu.com/7960-1/"}],"fixed_packages":[{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/64225?format=json","purl":"pkg:gem/rack@2.2.20","is_vulnerable":true,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[{"vulnerability":"VCID-9rpp-9xss-duf6"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-skxv-7he3-xqgc"}],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:gem/rack@2.2.20"},{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/67812?format=json","purl":"pkg:gem/rack@3.0.0.beta1","is_vulnerable":true,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[{"vulnerability":"VCID-1j61-5e8x-7fbd"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-2p73-rc9t-rudb"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-2qba-a6bp-ryak"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-5twm-pqc2-xyfn"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-7p12-ejdu-uqgy"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-7wvj-9h3p-23am"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-9rpp-9xss-duf6"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-arac-j5h5-zkcu"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-azu5-jcmd-3ufx"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-c21j-snf1-d3cb"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-c5sc-7qnn-mkb9"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-d58r-22kr-9bct"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-dh75-6jyw-1ke2"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-gtzk-m9rm-57hw"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-j34j-bgfd-8fez"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-jg77-mm5c-gydu"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-m98a-mcyb-c7fm"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-metf-cghw-p3b5"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-npag-sz7d-v7b6"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-p3dk-p1gb-kkem"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-pbu7-4hdm-s3a6"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-s971-gkdg-jkhc"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-skxv-7he3-xqgc"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-vkrw-y1j6-6fe7"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-wvs1-dhwp-ebat"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-xkah-9nv9-wufd"}],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:gem/rack@3.0.0.beta1"},{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/64226?format=json","purl":"pkg:gem/rack@3.1.18","is_vulnerable":true,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[{"vulnerability":"VCID-9rpp-9xss-duf6"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-skxv-7he3-xqgc"}],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:gem/rack@3.1.18"},{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/64227?format=json","purl":"pkg:gem/rack@3.2.3","is_vulnerable":true,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[{"vulnerability":"VCID-9rpp-9xss-duf6"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-skxv-7he3-xqgc"}],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:gem/rack@3.2.3"}],"aliases":["CVE-2025-61780","GHSA-r657-rxjc-j557"],"risk_score":3.1,"exploitability":"0.5","weighted_severity":"6.2","resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/vulnerabilities/VCID-d58r-22kr-9bct"},{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/vulnerabilities/21554?format=json","vulnerability_id":"VCID-gdhf-e8q1-kbat","summary":"Rack has an unsafe default in Rack::QueryParser allows params_limit bypass via semicolon-separated parameters\n`Rack::QueryParser` in version `< 2.2.18` enforces its `params_limit` only for parameters separated by `&`, while still splitting on both `&` and `;`. As a result, attackers could use `;` separators to bypass the parameter count limit and submit more parameters than intended.","references":[{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2025-59830.json","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"}],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2025-59830.json"},{"reference_url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-59830","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"0.00069","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.21203","published_at":"2026-04-13T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00069","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.21337","published_at":"2026-04-02T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00069","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.21392","published_at":"2026-04-04T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00069","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.21145","published_at":"2026-04-07T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00069","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.21225","published_at":"2026-04-08T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00069","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.21287","published_at":"2026-04-09T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00069","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.21297","published_at":"2026-04-11T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00069","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.21256","published_at":"2026-04-12T12:55:00Z"}],"url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-59830"},{"reference_url":"https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2025-59830","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2025-59830"},{"reference_url":"https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/yaml/suse-cvss-scores.yaml","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"}],"url":"https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/yaml/suse-cvss-scores.yaml"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rack/rack","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/rack/rack"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/54e4ffdd5affebcb0c015cc6ae74635c0831ed71","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-09-25T16:14:17Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/54e4ffdd5affebcb0c015cc6ae74635c0831ed71"},{"reference_url":"https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1116431","reference_id":"1116431","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1116431"},{"reference_url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2398167","reference_id":"2398167","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2398167"},{"reference_url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59830","reference_id":"CVE-2025-59830","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59830"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-625h-95r8-8xpm","reference_id":"GHSA-625h-95r8-8xpm","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1_qr","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-625h-95r8-8xpm"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-625h-95r8-8xpm","reference_id":"GHSA-625h-95r8-8xpm","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1_qr","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-09-25T16:14:17Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-625h-95r8-8xpm"},{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19512","reference_id":"RHSA-2025:19512","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19512"},{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19513","reference_id":"RHSA-2025:19513","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19513"},{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19647","reference_id":"RHSA-2025:19647","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19647"},{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19719","reference_id":"RHSA-2025:19719","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19719"},{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19733","reference_id":"RHSA-2025:19733","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19733"},{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19734","reference_id":"RHSA-2025:19734","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19734"},{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19736","reference_id":"RHSA-2025:19736","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19736"},{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19800","reference_id":"RHSA-2025:19800","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19800"},{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19832","reference_id":"RHSA-2025:19832","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19832"},{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19855","reference_id":"RHSA-2025:19855","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19855"},{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19856","reference_id":"RHSA-2025:19856","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19856"},{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19948","reference_id":"RHSA-2025:19948","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19948"},{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:20962","reference_id":"RHSA-2025:20962","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:20962"},{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:21036","reference_id":"RHSA-2025:21036","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:21036"},{"reference_url":"https://usn.ubuntu.com/7784-1/","reference_id":"USN-7784-1","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://usn.ubuntu.com/7784-1/"},{"reference_url":"https://usn.ubuntu.com/7960-1/","reference_id":"USN-7960-1","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://usn.ubuntu.com/7960-1/"}],"fixed_packages":[{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/63988?format=json","purl":"pkg:gem/rack@2.2.18","is_vulnerable":true,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[{"vulnerability":"VCID-9rpp-9xss-duf6"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-azu5-jcmd-3ufx"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-c5sc-7qnn-mkb9"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-d58r-22kr-9bct"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-npag-sz7d-v7b6"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-s971-gkdg-jkhc"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-skxv-7he3-xqgc"}],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:gem/rack@2.2.18"},{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/67812?format=json","purl":"pkg:gem/rack@3.0.0.beta1","is_vulnerable":true,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[{"vulnerability":"VCID-1j61-5e8x-7fbd"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-2p73-rc9t-rudb"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-2qba-a6bp-ryak"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-5twm-pqc2-xyfn"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-7p12-ejdu-uqgy"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-7wvj-9h3p-23am"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-9rpp-9xss-duf6"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-arac-j5h5-zkcu"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-azu5-jcmd-3ufx"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-c21j-snf1-d3cb"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-c5sc-7qnn-mkb9"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-d58r-22kr-9bct"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-dh75-6jyw-1ke2"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-gtzk-m9rm-57hw"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-j34j-bgfd-8fez"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-jg77-mm5c-gydu"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-m98a-mcyb-c7fm"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-metf-cghw-p3b5"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-npag-sz7d-v7b6"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-p3dk-p1gb-kkem"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-pbu7-4hdm-s3a6"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-s971-gkdg-jkhc"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-skxv-7he3-xqgc"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-vkrw-y1j6-6fe7"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-wvs1-dhwp-ebat"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-xkah-9nv9-wufd"}],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:gem/rack@3.0.0.beta1"}],"aliases":["CVE-2025-59830","GHSA-625h-95r8-8xpm"],"risk_score":4.0,"exploitability":"0.5","weighted_severity":"8.0","resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/vulnerabilities/VCID-gdhf-e8q1-kbat"},{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/vulnerabilities/21709?format=json","vulnerability_id":"VCID-npag-sz7d-v7b6","summary":"Rack's unbounded multipart preamble buffering enables DoS (memory exhaustion)\n`Rack::Multipart::Parser` buffers the entire multipart **preamble** (bytes before the first boundary) in memory without any size limit. A client can send a large preamble followed by a valid boundary, causing significant memory use and potential process termination due to out-of-memory (OOM) conditions.","references":[{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2025-61770.json","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"}],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2025-61770.json"},{"reference_url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-61770","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"0.00158","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.36695","published_at":"2026-04-13T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00158","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.36721","published_at":"2026-04-12T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00158","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.36756","published_at":"2026-04-11T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00158","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.36747","published_at":"2026-04-09T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00158","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.3673","published_at":"2026-04-08T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00158","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.3668","published_at":"2026-04-07T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00158","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.36844","published_at":"2026-04-04T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00158","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.36812","published_at":"2026-04-02T12:55:00Z"}],"url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-61770"},{"reference_url":"https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2025-61770","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2025-61770"},{"reference_url":"https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/yaml/suse-cvss-scores.yaml","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"}],"url":"https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/yaml/suse-cvss-scores.yaml"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rack/rack","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/rack/rack"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/589127f4ac8b5cf11cf88fb0cd116ffed4d2181e","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-10-07T15:23:07Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/589127f4ac8b5cf11cf88fb0cd116ffed4d2181e"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/d869fed663b113b95a74ad53e1b5cae6ab31f29e","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-10-07T15:23:07Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/d869fed663b113b95a74ad53e1b5cae6ab31f29e"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/e08f78c656c9394d6737c022bde087e0f33336fd","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-10-07T15:23:07Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/e08f78c656c9394d6737c022bde087e0f33336fd"},{"reference_url":"https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1117627","reference_id":"1117627","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1117627"},{"reference_url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2402174","reference_id":"2402174","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2402174"},{"reference_url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61770","reference_id":"CVE-2025-61770","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61770"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/rack/CVE-2025-61770.yml","reference_id":"CVE-2025-61770.YML","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/rack/CVE-2025-61770.yml"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-p543-xpfm-54cp","reference_id":"GHSA-p543-xpfm-54cp","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1_qr","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-p543-xpfm-54cp"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-p543-xpfm-54cp","reference_id":"GHSA-p543-xpfm-54cp","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1_qr","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-10-07T15:23:07Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-p543-xpfm-54cp"},{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19512","reference_id":"RHSA-2025:19512","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19512"},{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19513","reference_id":"RHSA-2025:19513","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19513"},{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19647","reference_id":"RHSA-2025:19647","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19647"},{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19719","reference_id":"RHSA-2025:19719","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19719"},{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19733","reference_id":"RHSA-2025:19733","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19733"},{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19734","reference_id":"RHSA-2025:19734","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19734"},{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19736","reference_id":"RHSA-2025:19736","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19736"},{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19800","reference_id":"RHSA-2025:19800","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19800"},{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19948","reference_id":"RHSA-2025:19948","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19948"},{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:20962","reference_id":"RHSA-2025:20962","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:20962"},{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:21036","reference_id":"RHSA-2025:21036","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:21036"},{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:21696","reference_id":"RHSA-2025:21696","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:21696"},{"reference_url":"https://usn.ubuntu.com/7960-1/","reference_id":"USN-7960-1","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://usn.ubuntu.com/7960-1/"}],"fixed_packages":[{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/64134?format=json","purl":"pkg:gem/rack@2.2.19","is_vulnerable":true,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[{"vulnerability":"VCID-9rpp-9xss-duf6"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-d58r-22kr-9bct"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-s971-gkdg-jkhc"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-skxv-7he3-xqgc"}],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:gem/rack@2.2.19"},{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/67812?format=json","purl":"pkg:gem/rack@3.0.0.beta1","is_vulnerable":true,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[{"vulnerability":"VCID-1j61-5e8x-7fbd"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-2p73-rc9t-rudb"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-2qba-a6bp-ryak"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-5twm-pqc2-xyfn"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-7p12-ejdu-uqgy"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-7wvj-9h3p-23am"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-9rpp-9xss-duf6"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-arac-j5h5-zkcu"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-azu5-jcmd-3ufx"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-c21j-snf1-d3cb"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-c5sc-7qnn-mkb9"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-d58r-22kr-9bct"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-dh75-6jyw-1ke2"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-gtzk-m9rm-57hw"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-j34j-bgfd-8fez"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-jg77-mm5c-gydu"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-m98a-mcyb-c7fm"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-metf-cghw-p3b5"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-npag-sz7d-v7b6"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-p3dk-p1gb-kkem"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-pbu7-4hdm-s3a6"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-s971-gkdg-jkhc"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-skxv-7he3-xqgc"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-vkrw-y1j6-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is vulnerable to a memory-exhaustion DoS through unbounded URL-encoded body parsing\n`Rack::Request#POST` reads the entire request body into memory for `Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded`, calling `rack.input.read(nil)` without enforcing a length or cap. Large request bodies can therefore be buffered completely into process memory before parsing, leading to denial of service (DoS) through memory exhaustion.","references":[{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2025-61919.json","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"}],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2025-61919.json"},{"reference_url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-61919","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"0.00221","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.44737","published_at":"2026-04-13T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00221","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.44735","published_at":"2026-04-12T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00221","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.44767","published_at":"2026-04-11T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00221","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.4475","published_at":"2026-04-09T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00221","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.44748","published_at":"2026-04-08T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00221","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.44695","published_at":"2026-04-07T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00221","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.44756","published_at":"2026-04-04T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00221","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.44736","published_at":"2026-04-02T12:55:00Z"}],"url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-61919"},{"reference_url":"https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2025-61919","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2025-61919"},{"reference_url":"https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/yaml/suse-cvss-scores.yaml","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"}],"url":"https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/yaml/suse-cvss-scores.yaml"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rack/rack","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/rack/rack"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/4e2c903991a790ee211a3021808ff4fd6fe82881","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:N/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-10-10T20:48:10Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/4e2c903991a790ee211a3021808ff4fd6fe82881"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/cbd541e8a3d0c5830a3c9a30d3718ce2e124f9db","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:N/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-10-10T20:48:10Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/cbd541e8a3d0c5830a3c9a30d3718ce2e124f9db"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/e179614c4a653283286f5f046428cbb85f21146f","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:N/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-10-10T20:48:10Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/e179614c4a653283286f5f046428cbb85f21146f"},{"reference_url":"https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1117856","reference_id":"1117856","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1117856"},{"reference_url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2403180","reference_id":"2403180","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2403180"},{"reference_url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61919","reference_id":"CVE-2025-61919","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61919"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/rack/CVE-2025-61919.yml","reference_id":"CVE-2025-61919.YML","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}]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CID-d58r-22kr-9bct"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-dh75-6jyw-1ke2"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-gtzk-m9rm-57hw"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-j34j-bgfd-8fez"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-jg77-mm5c-gydu"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-m98a-mcyb-c7fm"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-metf-cghw-p3b5"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-npag-sz7d-v7b6"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-p3dk-p1gb-kkem"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-pbu7-4hdm-s3a6"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-s971-gkdg-jkhc"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-skxv-7he3-xqgc"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-vkrw-y1j6-6fe7"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-wvs1-dhwp-ebat"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-xkah-9nv9-wufd"}],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:gem/rack@3.0.0.beta1"},{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/64226?format=json","purl":"pkg:gem/rack@3.1.18","is_vulnerable":true,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[{"vulnerability":"VCID-9rpp-9xss-duf6"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-skxv-7he3-xqgc"}],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:gem/rack@3.1.18"},{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/64227?format=json","purl":"pkg:gem/rack@3.2.3","is_vulnerable":true,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[{"vulnerability":"VCID-9rpp-9xss-duf6"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-skxv-7he3-xqgc"}],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:gem/rack@3.2.3"}],"aliases":["CVE-2025-61919","GHSA-6xw4-3v39-52mm"],"risk_score":4.0,"exploitability":"0.5","weighted_severity":"8.0","resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/vulnerabilities/VCID-s971-gkdg-jkhc"},{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/vulnerabilities/21804?format=json","vulnerability_id":"VCID-skxv-7he3-xqgc","summary":"Stored XSS in Rack::Directory via javascript: filenames rendered into anchor href\n## Summary\n\n`Rack::Directory` generates an HTML directory index where each file entry is rendered as a clickable link. If a file exists on disk whose basename begins with the `javascript:` scheme (e.g. `javascript:alert(1)`), the generated index includes an anchor whose `href` attribute is exactly `javascript:alert(1)`. Clicking this entry executes arbitrary JavaScript in the context of the hosting application.\n\nThis results in a client-side XSS condition in directory listings generated by `Rack::Directory`.\n\n## Details\n\n`Rack::Directory` renders directory entries using an HTML row template similar to:\n\n```html\n<a href='%s'>%s</a>\n```\n\nThe `%s` placeholder is populated directly with the file’s basename. If the basename begins with `javascript:`, the resulting HTML contains an executable JavaScript URL:\n\n```html\n<a href='javascript:alert(1)'>javascript:alert(1)</a>\n```\n\nBecause the value is inserted directly into the `href` attribute without scheme validation or normalization, browsers interpret it as a JavaScript URI. When a user clicks the link, the JavaScript executes in the origin of the Rack application.\n\n## Impact\n\nIf `Rack::Directory` is used to expose filesystem contents over HTTP, an attacker who can create or upload files within that directory may introduce a malicious filename beginning with `javascript:`.\n\nWhen a user visits the directory listing and clicks the entry, arbitrary JavaScript executes in the application's origin. Exploitation requires user interaction (clicking the malicious entry).\n\n## Mitigation\n\n* Update to a patched version of Rack in which `Rack::Directory` prefixes generated anchors with a relative path indicator (e.g. `./filename`).\n* Avoid exposing user-controlled directories via `Rack::Directory`.\n* Apply a strict Content Security Policy (CSP) to reduce impact of potential client-side execution issues.\n* Where feasible, restrict or sanitize uploaded filenames to disallow dangerous URI scheme prefixes.\n\nHackerOne profile:\nhttps://hackerone.com/thesmartshadow\n\nGitHub account owner:\nAli Firas (@thesmartshadow)","references":[{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2026-25500.json","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.4","scoring_system":"cvssv3","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N"}],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2026-25500.json"},{"reference_url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2026-25500","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"0.00021","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.05787","published_at":"2026-04-13T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00021","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.05793","published_at":"2026-04-12T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00021","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.05801","published_at":"2026-04-11T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00021","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.05822","published_at":"2026-04-09T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00021","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.05797","published_at":"2026-04-08T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00021","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.05758","published_at":"2026-04-07T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00021","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.05724","published_at":"2026-04-02T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00021","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.05764","published_at":"2026-04-04T12:55:00Z"}],"url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2026-25500"},{"reference_url":"https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2026-25500","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2026-25500"},{"reference_url":"https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/yaml/suse-cvss-scores.yaml","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.4","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N"}],"url":"https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/yaml/suse-cvss-scores.yaml"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rack/rack","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.4","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/rack/rack"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/f2f225f297b99fbee3d9f51255d41f601fc40aff","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.4","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:N/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2026-02-18T19:42:04Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/f2f225f297b99fbee3d9f51255d41f601fc40aff"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-whrj-4476-wvmp","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.4","scoring_system":"cvssv3","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"5.4","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1_qr","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:N/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2026-02-18T19:42:04Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-whrj-4476-wvmp"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/rack/CVE-2026-25500.yml","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.4","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/rack/CVE-2026-25500.yml"},{"reference_url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-25500","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.4","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-25500"},{"reference_url":"https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1128480","reference_id":"1128480","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1128480"},{"reference_url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2440738","reference_id":"2440738","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2440738"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-whrj-4476-wvmp","reference_id":"GHSA-whrj-4476-wvmp","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1_qr","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-whrj-4476-wvmp"},{"reference_url":"https://usn.ubuntu.com/8066-1/","reference_id":"USN-8066-1","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://usn.ubuntu.com/8066-1/"}],"fixed_packages":[{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/64149?format=json","purl":"pkg:gem/rack@2.2.22","is_vulnerable":false,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:gem/rack@2.2.22"},{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/64152?format=json","purl":"pkg:gem/rack@3.1.20","is_vulnerable":false,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:gem/rack@3.1.20"},{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/64153?format=json","purl":"pkg:gem/rack@3.2.5","is_vulnerable":false,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:gem/rack@3.2.5"}],"aliases":["CVE-2026-25500","GHSA-whrj-4476-wvmp"],"risk_score":3.1,"exploitability":"0.5","weighted_severity":"6.2","resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/vulnerabilities/VCID-skxv-7he3-xqgc"}],"fixing_vulnerabilities":[{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/vulnerabilities/30435?format=json","vulnerability_id":"VCID-47ja-djzb-2bbw","summary":"Rack has an Unbounded-Parameter DoS in Rack::QueryParser\n## Summary\n\n`Rack::QueryParser` parses query strings and `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` bodies into Ruby data structures without imposing any limit on the number of parameters, allowing attackers to send requests with extremely large numbers of parameters.\n\n## Details\n\nThe vulnerability arises because `Rack::QueryParser` iterates over each `&`-separated key-value pair and adds it to a Hash without enforcing an upper bound on the total number of parameters. This allows an attacker to send a single request containing hundreds of thousands (or more) of parameters, which consumes excessive memory and CPU during parsing.\n\n## Impact\n\nAn attacker can trigger denial of service by sending specifically crafted HTTP requests, which can cause memory exhaustion or pin CPU resources, stalling or crashing the Rack server. This results in full service disruption until the affected worker is restarted.\n\n## Mitigation\n\n- Update to a version of Rack that limits the number of parameters parsed, or\n- Use middleware to enforce a maximum query string size or parameter count, or\n- Employ a reverse proxy (such as Nginx) to limit request sizes and reject oversized query strings or bodies.\n\nLimiting request body sizes and query string lengths at the web server or CDN level is an effective mitigation.","references":[{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2025-46727.json","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"}],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2025-46727.json"},{"reference_url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-46727","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"0.00808","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.74202","published_at":"2026-04-13T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00808","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.74209","published_at":"2026-04-12T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00808","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.74227","published_at":"2026-04-11T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00808","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.74205","published_at":"2026-04-09T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00808","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.7419","published_at":"2026-04-08T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00808","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.74157","published_at":"2026-04-07T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00808","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.74185","published_at":"2026-04-04T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00808","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.74158","published_at":"2026-04-02T12:55:00Z"}],"url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-46727"},{"reference_url":"https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2025-46727","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2025-46727"},{"reference_url":"https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/yaml/suse-cvss-scores.yaml","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"}],"url":"https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/yaml/suse-cvss-scores.yaml"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rack/rack","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/rack/rack"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/2bb5263b464b65ba4b648996a579dbd180d2b712","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-05-08T14:00:33Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/2bb5263b464b65ba4b648996a579dbd180d2b712"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/3f5a4249118d09d199fe480466c8c6717e43b6e3","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-05-08T14:00:33Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/3f5a4249118d09d199fe480466c8c6717e43b6e3"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/cd6b70a1f2a1016b73dc906f924869f4902c2d74","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-05-08T14:00:33Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/cd6b70a1f2a1016b73dc906f924869f4902c2d74"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-gjh7-p2fx-99vx","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1_qr","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-05-08T14:00:33Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-gjh7-p2fx-99vx"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/rack/CVE-2025-46727.yml","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/rack/CVE-2025-46727.yml"},{"reference_url":"https://nvd.n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D-azu5-jcmd-3ufx"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-c5sc-7qnn-mkb9"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-d58r-22kr-9bct"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-npag-sz7d-v7b6"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-s971-gkdg-jkhc"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-skxv-7he3-xqgc"}],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:gem/rack@3.1.14"}],"aliases":["CVE-2025-46727","GHSA-gjh7-p2fx-99vx"],"risk_score":4.0,"exploitability":"0.5","weighted_severity":"8.0","resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/vulnerabilities/VCID-47ja-djzb-2bbw"},{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/vulnerabilities/30313?format=json","vulnerability_id":"VCID-xazq-qrm1-9ff6","summary":"Rack session gets restored after deletion\n### Summary\n\nWhen using the `Rack::Session::Pool` middleware, simultaneous rack requests can restore a deleted rack session, which allows the unauthenticated user to occupy that session.\n\n### Details\n\n[Rack session middleware](https://github.com/rack/rack/blob/v2.2.13/lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb#L263-L270) prepares the session at the beginning of request, then saves is back to the store with possible changes applied by host rack application. This way the session becomes to be a subject of race conditions in general sense over concurrent rack requests.\n\n### Impact\n\nWhen using the `Rack::Session::Pool` middleware, and provided the attacker can acquire a session cookie (already a major issue), the session may be restored if the attacker can trigger a long running request (within that same session) adjacent to the user logging out, in order to retain illicit access even after a user has attempted to logout.\n\n## Mitigation\n\n- Update to the latest version of `rack`, or\n- Ensure your application invalidates sessions atomically by marking them as logged out e.g., using a `logged_out` flag, instead of deleting them, and check this flag on every request to prevent reuse, or\n- Implement a custom session store that tracks session invalidation timestamps and refuses to accept session data if the session was invalidated after the request began.\n\n### Related\n\nAs this code was moved to `rack-session` in Rack 3+, see <https://github.com/rack/rack-session/security/advisories/GHSA-9j94-67jr-4cqj> for the equivalent advisory in `rack-session` (affecting Rack 3+ only).","references":[{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2025-32441.json","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"4.2","scoring_system":"cvssv3","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N"}],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2025-32441.json"},{"reference_url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-32441","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"0.00096","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.26514","published_at":"2026-04-13T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00096","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.26571","published_at":"2026-04-12T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00096","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.26617","published_at":"2026-04-11T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00096","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.26612","published_at":"2026-04-09T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00096","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.26563","published_at":"2026-04-08T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00096","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.26495","published_at":"2026-04-07T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00096","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.26709","published_at":"2026-04-04T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00096","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.26667","published_at":"2026-04-02T12:55:00Z"}],"url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-32441"},{"reference_url":"https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2025-32441","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2025-32441"},{"reference_url":"https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/yaml/suse-cvss-scores.yaml","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"4.2","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N"}],"url":"https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/yaml/suse-cvss-scores.yaml"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rack/rack","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"4.2","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/rack/rack"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/blob/v2.2.13/lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb#L263-L270","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"4.2","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:N/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-05-08T14:02:00Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/blob/v2.2.13/lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb#L263-L270"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/c48e52f7c57e99e1e1bf54c8760d4f082cd1c89d","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"4.2","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:N/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-05-08T14:02:00Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/c48e52f7c57e99e1e1bf54c8760d4f082cd1c89d"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-vpfw-47h7-xj4g","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"4.2","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1_qr","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:N/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-05-08T14:02:00Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-vpfw-47h7-xj4g"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rack/rack-session/security/advisories/GHSA-9j94-67jr-4cqj","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"4.2","scoring_system":"cvssv3","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"4.2","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/rack/rack-session/security/advisories/GHSA-9j94-67jr-4cqj"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/rack/CVE-2025-32441.yml","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"4.2","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/rack/CVE-2025-32441.yml"},{"reference_url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32441","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores"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