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ContinuationWebSocketFrames.","references":[{"reference_url":"http://netty.io/news/2014/04/30/release-day.html","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"http://netty.io/news/2014/04/30/release-day.html"},{"reference_url":"http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2014-1019.html","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2014-1019.html"},{"reference_url":"http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2014-1020.html","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2014-1020.html"},{"reference_url":"http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2014-1021.html","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2014-1021.html"},{"reference_url":"http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2014-1351.html","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2014-1351.html"},{"reference_url":"http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2015-0675.html","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2015-0675.html"},{"reference_url":"http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2015-0720.html","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2015-0720.html"},{"reference_url":"http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2015-0765.html","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2015-0765.html"},{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2014-0193.json","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2014-0193.json"},{"reference_url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2014-0193","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"0.04075","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.88589","published_at":"2026-05-05T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.04075","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.88516","published_at":"2026-04-04T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.04075","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.8852","published_at":"2026-04-07T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.04075","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.88538","published_at":"2026-04-08T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.04075","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.88543","published_at":"2026-04-09T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.04075","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.88555","published_at":"2026-04-21T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.04075","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.88547","published_at":"2026-04-13T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.04075","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.88561","published_at":"2026-04-16T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.04075","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.88557","published_at":"2026-04-18T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.04075","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.88573","published_at":"2026-04-24T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.04075","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.88578","published_at":"2026-04-26T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.04075","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.88577","published_at":"2026-04-29T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.04075","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.88492","published_at":"2026-04-01T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.04075","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.88499","published_at":"2026-04-02T12:55:00Z"}],"url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2014-0193"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/netty/netty","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/netty/netty"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/8599ab5bdb761bb99d41a975d689f74c12e4892b","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/8599ab5bdb761bb99d41a975d689f74c12e4892b"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/2441","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/2441"},{"reference_url":"https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/ff8dcfe29377088ab655fda9d585dccd5b1f07fabd94ae84fd60a7f8@%3Ccommits.pulsar.apache.org%3E","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value"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y_vulnerabilities":[],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:deb/debian/netty@0%3Fdistro=trixie"},{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/931792?format=json","purl":"pkg:deb/debian/netty@1:4.1.48-4%2Bdeb11u2?distro=trixie","is_vulnerable":false,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:deb/debian/netty@1:4.1.48-4%252Bdeb11u2%3Fdistro=trixie"},{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/931790?format=json","purl":"pkg:deb/debian/netty@1:4.1.48-7%2Bdeb12u1?distro=trixie","is_vulnerable":false,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:deb/debian/netty@1:4.1.48-7%252Bdeb12u1%3Fdistro=trixie"},{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/931794?format=json","purl":"pkg:deb/debian/netty@1:4.1.48-10?distro=trixie","is_vulnerable":false,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:deb/debian/netty@1:4.1.48-10%3Fdistro=trixie"},{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/931793?format=json","purl":"pkg:deb/debian/netty@1:4.1.48-16?distro=trixie","is_vulnerable":false,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:deb/debian/netty@1:4.1.48-16%3Fdistro=trixie"}],"aliases":["CVE-2014-0193","GHSA-7vpq-g998-qpv7"],"risk_score":3.1,"exploitability":"0.5","weighted_severity":"6.2","resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/vulnerabilities/VCID-2khv-6pu7-akga"},{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/vulnerabilities/27270?format=json","vulnerability_id":"VCID-5vth-uvb8-kke2","summary":"Denial of Service attack on windows app using Netty\n### Summary\nAn unsafe reading of environment file could potentially cause a denial of service in Netty.\nWhen loaded on an Windows application, Netty attemps to load a file that does not exist. If an attacker creates such a large file, the Netty application crash.\n\n### Details\nA similar issue was previously reported in https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-xq3w-v528-46rv\nThis issue was fixed, but the fix was incomplete in that null-bytes were not counted against the input limit.\n\n\n### PoC\nThe PoC is the same as for https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-xq3w-v528-46rv with the detail that the file should only contain null-bytes; 0x00.\nWhen the null-bytes are encountered by the `InputStreamReader`, it will issue replacement characters in its charset decoding, which will fill up the line-buffer in the `BufferedReader.readLine()`, because the replacement character is not a line-break character.\n\n### Impact\nImpact is the same as https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-xq3w-v528-46rv","references":[{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2025-25193.json","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"}],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2025-25193.json"},{"reference_url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-25193","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"0.00096","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.26164","published_at":"2026-05-05T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00096","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.26415","published_at":"2026-04-21T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00096","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.26453","published_at":"2026-04-18T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00096","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.26482","published_at":"2026-04-16T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00096","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.26476","published_at":"2026-04-13T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00096","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.26534","published_at":"2026-04-12T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00096","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.2658","published_at":"2026-04-11T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00096","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.26573","published_at":"2026-04-09T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00096","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.26524","published_at":"2026-04-08T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00098","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.27191","published_at":"2026-04-04T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00098","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.27155","published_at":"2026-04-02T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00098","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.26984","published_at":"2026-04-07T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00098","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.26898","published_at":"2026-04-24T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00098","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.26891","published_at":"2026-04-26T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00098","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.26825","published_at":"2026-04-29T12:55:00Z"}],"url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-25193"},{"reference_url":"https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/yaml/suse-cvss-scores.yaml","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"}],"url":"https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/yaml/suse-cvss-scores.yaml"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/netty/netty","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/netty/netty"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/d1fbda62d3a47835d3fb35db8bd42ecc205a5386","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:P/A:N/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-02-11T15:22:08Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/d1fbda62d3a47835d3fb35db8bd42ecc205a5386"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-389x-839f-4rhx","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1_qr","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:P/A:N/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-02-11T15:22:08Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-389x-839f-4rhx"},{"reference_url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-25193","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-25193"},{"reference_url":"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250221-0006","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250221-0006"},{"reference_url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2344788","reference_id":"2344788","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2344788"},{"refer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doesn't correctly validate packets which can lead to native crash when using native SSLEngine\n### Impact\nWhen a special crafted packet is received via SslHandler it doesn't correctly handle validation of such a packet in all cases which can lead to a native crash.\n\n### Workarounds\nAs workaround its possible to either disable the usage of the native SSLEngine or changing the code from:\n\n```\nSslContext context = ...;\nSslHandler handler = context.newHandler(....);\n```\n\nto:\n\n```\nSslContext context = ...;\nSSLEngine engine = context.newEngine(....);\nSslHandler handler = new SslHandler(engine, ....);\n```","references":[{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2025-24970.json","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"}],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2025-24970.json"},{"reference_url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-24970","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"0.00953","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.76476","published_at":"2026-05-05T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00953","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.7649","published_at":"2026-04-29T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00953","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.76477","published_at":"2026-04-26T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00953","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.7647","published_at":"2026-04-24T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00953","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.76436","published_at":"2026-04-21T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00953","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.76451","published_at":"2026-04-18T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00953","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.76445","published_at":"2026-04-16T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00953","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.76406","published_at":"2026-04-13T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00953","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.76411","published_at":"2026-04-12T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00953","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.76433","published_at":"2026-04-11T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00953","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.76394","published_at":"2026-04-08T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00953","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.76407","published_at":"2026-04-09T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.0098","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.76737","published_at":"2026-04-04T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.0098","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.76709","published_at":"2026-04-02T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.0098","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.76719","published_at":"2026-04-07T12:55:00Z"}],"url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-24970"},{"reference_url":"https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/yaml/suse-cvss-scores.yaml","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"}],"url":"https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/yaml/suse-cvss-scores.yaml"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/netty/netty","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/netty/netty"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/87f40725155b2f89adfde68c7732f97c153676c4","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:P/A:Y/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-02-11T15:30:54Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/87f40725155b2f89adfde68c7732f97c153676c4"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-4g8c-wm8x-jfhw","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1_qr","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:P/A:Y/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-02-11T15:30:54Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-4g8c-wm8x-jfhw"},{"reference_url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24970","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24970"},{"reference_url":"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250221-0005","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250221-0005"},{"reference_url":"https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-24970-netty-vulnerability-detection","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-24970-netty-vulnerability-detection"},{"reference_url":"https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-24970-netty-vulnerability-mitigation","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"7.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-24970-netty-vulnerability-mitigation"},{"reference_url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2344787","reference_id":"2344787","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2344787"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-4g8c-wm8x-jfhw","reference_id":"GHSA-4g8c-wm8x-jfhw","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1_qr","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-4g8c-wm8x-jfhw"},{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:2588","reference_id":"RHSA-2025:2588","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:2588"},{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:3540","reference_id":"RHSA-2025:3540","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:3540"},{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:8258","reference_id":"RHSA-2025:8258","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:8258"}],"fixed_packages":[{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/931791?format=json","purl":"pkg:deb/debian/netty@0?distro=trixie","is_vulnerable":false,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:deb/debian/netty@0%3Fdistro=trixie"},{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/931792?format=json","purl":"pkg:deb/debian/netty@1:4.1.48-4%2Bdeb11u2?distro=trixie","is_vulnerable":false,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:deb/debian/netty@1:4.1.48-4%252Bdeb11u2%3Fdistro=trixie"},{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/931790?format=json","purl":"pkg:deb/debian/netty@1:4.1.48-7%2Bdeb12u1?distro=trixie","is_vulnerable":false,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:deb/debian/netty@1:4.1.48-7%252Bdeb12u1%3Fdistro=trixie"},{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/931794?format=json","purl":"pkg:deb/debian/netty@1:4.1.48-10?distro=trixie","is_vulnerable":false,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:deb/debian/netty@1:4.1.48-10%3Fdistro=trixie"},{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/931793?format=json","purl":"pkg:deb/debian/netty@1:4.1.48-16?distro=trixie","is_vulnerable":false,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:deb/debian/netty@1:4.1.48-16%3Fdistro=trixie"}],"aliases":["CVE-2025-24970","GHSA-4g8c-wm8x-jfhw"],"risk_score":4.0,"exploitability":"0.5","weighted_severity":"8.0","resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/vulnerabilities/VCID-epex-9q5x-ykf3"},{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/vulnerabilities/17383?format=json","vulnerability_id":"VCID-tp3n-7ac7-aqg8","summary":"Denial of Service attack on windows app using netty\n### Summary\n\nAn unsafe reading of environment file could potentially cause a denial of service in Netty.\nWhen loaded on an Windows application, Netty attemps to load a file that does not exist. If an attacker creates such a large file, the Netty application crash.\n\n\n### Details\n\nWhen the library netty is loaded in a java windows application, the library tries to identify the system environnement in which it is executed.\n\nAt this stage, Netty tries to load both `/etc/os-release` and `/usr/lib/os-release` even though it is in a Windows environment. \n\n<img width=\"364\" alt=\"1\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/9466b181-9394-45a3-b0e3-1dcf105def59\">\n\nIf netty finds this files, it reads them and loads them into memory.\n\nBy default :\n\n- The JVM maximum memory size is set to 1 GB,\n- A non-privileged user can create a directory at `C:\\` and create files within it.\n\n<img width=\"340\" alt=\"2\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/43b359a2-5871-4592-ae2b-ffc40ac76831\">\n\n<img width=\"523\" alt=\"3\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/ad5c6eed-451c-4513-92d5-ba0eee7715c1\">\n\nthe source code identified :\nhttps://github.com/netty/netty/blob/4.1/common/src/main/java/io/netty/util/internal/PlatformDependent.java\n\nDespite the implementation of the function `normalizeOs()` the source code not verify the OS before reading `C:\\etc\\os-release` and `C:\\usr\\lib\\os-release`.\n\n### PoC\n\nCreate a file larger than 1 GB of data in `C:\\etc\\os-release` or `C:\\usr\\lib\\os-release` on a Windows environnement and start your Netty application.\n\nTo observe what the application does with the file, the security analyst used \"Process Monitor\" from the \"Windows SysInternals\" suite. (https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/)\n\n```\ncd C:\\etc\nfsutil file createnew os-release 3000000000\n```\n\n<img width=\"519\" alt=\"4\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/39df22a3-462b-4fd0-af9a-aa30077ec08f\">\n\n<img width=\"517\" alt=\"5\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/129dbd50-fc36-4da5-8eb1-582123fb528f\">\n\nThe source code used is the Netty website code example : [Echo ‐ the very basic client and server](https://netty.io/4.1/xref/io/netty/example/echo/package-summary.html).\n\nThe vulnerability was tested on the 4.1.112.Final version.\n\nThe security analyst tried the same technique for `C:\\proc\\sys\\net\\core\\somaxconn` with a lot of values to impact Netty but the only things that works is the \"larger than 1 GB file\" technique. https://github.com/netty/netty/blob/c0fdb8e9f8f256990e902fcfffbbe10754d0f3dd/common/src/main/java/io/netty/util/NetUtil.java#L186\n\n### Impact\n\nBy loading the \"file larger than 1 GB\" into the memory, the Netty library exceeds the JVM memory limit and causes a crash in the java Windows application.\n\nThis behaviour occurs 100% of the time in both Server mode and Client mode if the large file exists.\n\nClient mode :\n\n<img width=\"449\" alt=\"6\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/f8fe1ed0-1a42-4490-b9ed-dbc9af7804be\">\n\nServer mode :\n\n<img width=\"464\" alt=\"7\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/b34b42bd-4fbd-4170-b93a-d29ba87b88eb\">\n\nsomaxconn :\n\n<img width=\"532\" alt=\"8\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/0656b3bb-32c6-4ae2-bff7-d93babba08a3\">\n\n### Severity\n\n- Attack vector : \"Local\" because the attacker needs to be on the system where the Netty application is running.\n- Attack complexity : \"Low\" because the attacker only need to create a massive file (regardless of its contents).\n- Privileges required : \"Low\" because the attacker requires a user account to exploit the vulnerability.\n- User intercation : \"None\" because the administrator don't need to accidentally click anywhere to trigger the vulnerability. Furthermore, the exploitation works with defaults windows/AD settings.\n- Scope : \"Unchanged\" because only Netty is affected by the vulnerability.\n- Confidentiality : \"None\" because no data is exposed through exploiting the vulnerability.\n- Integrity : \"None\" because the explotation of the vulnerability does not allow editing, deleting or adding data elsewhere.\n- Availability : \"High\" because the exploitation of this vulnerability crashes the entire java application.","references":[{"reference_url":"https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2024-47535.json","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"}],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2024-47535.json"},{"reference_url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2024-47535","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"0.00467","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.64494","published_at":"2026-05-05T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00467","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.6442","published_at":"2026-04-02T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00467","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.6445","published_at":"2026-04-04T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00467","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.64409","published_at":"2026-04-07T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00467","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.64457","published_at":"2026-04-08T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00467","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.64473","published_at":"2026-04-09T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00467","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.64489","published_at":"2026-04-11T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00467","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.64477","published_at":"2026-04-12T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00467","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.64448","published_at":"2026-04-13T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00467","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.64483","published_at":"2026-04-16T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00467","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.64495","published_at":"2026-04-18T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00467","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.64486","published_at":"2026-04-21T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.0048","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.65137","published_at":"2026-04-24T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.0048","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.6515","published_at":"2026-04-26T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.0048","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.65149","published_at":"2026-04-29T12:55:00Z"}],"url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2024-47535"},{"reference_url":"https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/yaml/suse-cvss-scores.yaml","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"4.1","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"}],"url":"https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/yaml/suse-cvss-scores.yaml"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/netty/netty","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"5.4","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/netty/netty"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/fbf7a704a82e7449b48bd0bbb679f5661c6d61a3","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"5.4","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:P/A:N/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2024-11-13T20:43:58Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/fbf7a704a82e7449b48bd0bbb679f5661c6d61a3"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-xq3w-v528-46rv","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1_qr","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"5.4","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:P/A:N/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2024-11-13T20:43:58Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-xq3w-v528-46rv"},{"reference_url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-47535","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"5.5","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},{"value":"5.4","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P"},{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-47535"},{"reference_url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2325538","reference_id":"2325538","reference_type":"","scores":[],"url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2325538"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-xq3w-v528-46rv","reference_id":"GHSA-xq3w-v528-46rv","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"MODERATE","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1_qr","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-xq3w-v528-46rv"}],"fixed_packages":[{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/931791?format=json","purl":"pkg:deb/debian/netty@0?distro=trixie","is_vulnerable":false,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:deb/debian/netty@0%3Fdistro=trixie"},{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/931792?format=json","purl":"pkg:deb/debian/netty@1:4.1.48-4%2Bdeb11u2?distro=trixie","is_vulnerable":false,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:deb/debian/netty@1:4.1.48-4%252Bdeb11u2%3Fdistro=trixie"},{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/931790?format=json","purl":"pkg:deb/debian/netty@1:4.1.48-7%2Bdeb12u1?distro=trixie","is_vulnerable":false,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:deb/debian/netty@1:4.1.48-7%252Bdeb12u1%3Fdistro=trixie"},{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/931794?format=json","purl":"pkg:deb/debian/netty@1:4.1.48-10?distro=trixie","is_vulnerable":false,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:deb/debian/netty@1:4.1.48-10%3Fdistro=trixie"},{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/931793?format=json","purl":"pkg:deb/debian/netty@1:4.1.48-16?distro=trixie","is_vulnerable":false,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:deb/debian/netty@1:4.1.48-16%3Fdistro=trixie"}],"aliases":["CVE-2024-47535","GHSA-xq3w-v528-46rv"],"risk_score":3.1,"exploitability":"0.5","weighted_severity":"6.2","resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/vulnerabilities/VCID-tp3n-7ac7-aqg8"}],"risk_score":null,"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:deb/debian/netty@0%3Fdistro=trixie"}