{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/vulnerabilities/26820?format=json","vulnerability_id":"VCID-111h-br2m-7bbu","summary":"LTI JupyterHub Authenticator does not properly validate JWT Signature\n### Impact\n\nOnly users that has configured a JupyterHub installation to use the authenticator class `LTI13Authenticator` are influenced.\n\nLTI13Authenticator that was introduced in `jupyterhub-ltiauthenticator` 1.3.0 wasn't validating JWT signatures. This is believed to allow the LTI13Authenticator to authorize a forged request granting access to existing and new user identities.\n\n### Patches\n\nNone.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nNone.\n\n### References\n\n- [This code segment](https://github.com/jupyterhub/ltiauthenticator/blob/3feec2e81b9d3b0ad6b58ab4226af640833039f3/ltiauthenticator/lti13/validator.py#L122-L164) didn't validate a JWT signature.","aliases":[{"alias":"CVE-2023-25574"},{"alias":"GHSA-mcgx-2gcr-p3hp"}],"fixed_packages":[{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/69488?format=json","purl":"pkg:pypi/jupyterhub-ltiauthenticator@1.4.0","is_vulnerable":true,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[{"vulnerability":"VCID-xqew-sch7-b7dw"}],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:pypi/jupyterhub-ltiauthenticator@1.4.0"}],"affected_packages":[{"url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/api/packages/69487?format=json","purl":"pkg:pypi/jupyterhub-ltiauthenticator@1.3.0","is_vulnerable":true,"affected_by_vulnerabilities":[{"vulnerability":"VCID-111h-br2m-7bbu"},{"vulnerability":"VCID-xqew-sch7-b7dw"}],"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/packages/pkg:pypi/jupyterhub-ltiauthenticator@1.3.0"}],"references":[{"reference_url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-25574","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"0.00234","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.46192","published_at":"2026-04-02T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00234","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.46212","published_at":"2026-04-04T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.0037","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.58983","published_at":"2026-05-14T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.0037","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.58911","published_at":"2026-05-12T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.0037","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.58884","published_at":"2026-05-11T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.0037","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.58928","published_at":"2026-05-09T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.0037","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.58869","published_at":"2026-05-07T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.0037","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.58821","published_at":"2026-05-05T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.0037","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.58857","published_at":"2026-04-29T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.0037","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.58872","published_at":"2026-04-26T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.0037","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.58873","published_at":"2026-04-21T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.0037","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.58894","published_at":"2026-04-18T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.0037","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.5889","published_at":"2026-04-16T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.0037","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.58856","published_at":"2026-04-24T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.0037","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.58876","published_at":"2026-04-12T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.0037","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.58893","published_at":"2026-04-11T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.0037","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.58992","published_at":"2026-05-15T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00587","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.69099","published_at":"2026-04-08T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00587","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.69119","published_at":"2026-04-09T12:55:00Z"},{"value":"0.00587","scoring_system":"epss","scoring_elements":"0.6905","published_at":"2026-04-07T12:55:00Z"}],"url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-25574"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/jupyterhub/ltiauthenticator","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"10.0","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/jupyterhub/ltiauthenticator"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/jupyterhub/ltiauthenticator/blob/3feec2e81b9d3b0ad6b58ab4226af640833039f3/ltiauthenticator/lti13/validator.py#L122-L164","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"10","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"10.0","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:T/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-02-25T14:50:01Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/jupyterhub/ltiauthenticator/blob/3feec2e81b9d3b0ad6b58ab4226af640833039f3/ltiauthenticator/lti13/validator.py#L122-L164"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/jupyterhub/ltiauthenticator/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md#140---2023-03-01","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"10","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"10.0","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:T/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-02-25T14:50:01Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/jupyterhub/ltiauthenticator/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md#140---2023-03-01"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/jupyterhub/ltiauthenticator/security/advisories/GHSA-mcgx-2gcr-p3hp","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"10","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"10.0","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1_qr","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""},{"value":"Track","scoring_system":"ssvc","scoring_elements":"SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:T/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-02-25T14:50:01Z/"}],"url":"https://github.com/jupyterhub/ltiauthenticator/security/advisories/GHSA-mcgx-2gcr-p3hp"},{"reference_url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-25574","reference_id":"","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"10.0","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1","scoring_elements":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"generic_textual","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-25574"},{"reference_url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-mcgx-2gcr-p3hp","reference_id":"GHSA-mcgx-2gcr-p3hp","reference_type":"","scores":[{"value":"CRITICAL","scoring_system":"cvssv3.1_qr","scoring_elements":""}],"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-mcgx-2gcr-p3hp"}],"weaknesses":[{"cwe_id":347,"name":"Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature","description":"The product does not verify, or incorrectly verifies, the cryptographic signature for data."},{"cwe_id":937,"name":"OWASP Top Ten 2013 Category A9 - Using Components with Known Vulnerabilities","description":"Weaknesses in this category are related to the A9 category in the OWASP Top Ten 2013."},{"cwe_id":1035,"name":"OWASP Top Ten 2017 Category A9 - Using Components with Known Vulnerabilities","description":"Weaknesses in this category are related to the A9 category in the OWASP Top Ten 2017."}],"exploits":[],"severity_range_score":"9.0 - 10.0","exploitability":"0.5","weighted_severity":"9.0","risk_score":4.5,"resource_url":"http://public2.vulnerablecode.io/vulnerabilities/VCID-111h-br2m-7bbu"}