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Vulnerability details: VCID-1x8k-t8mr-3fgp
Vulnerability ID VCID-1x8k-t8mr-3fgp
Aliases CVE-2021-44528
GHSA-qphc-hf5q-v8fc
Summary URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') A open redirect vulnerability exists in Action Pack >= 6.0.0 that could allow an attacker to craft a "X-Forwarded-Host" headers in combination with certain "allowed host" formats can cause the Host Authorization middleware in Action Pack to redirect users to a malicious website.
Status Published
Exploitability 0.5
Weighted Severity 6.2
Risk 3.1
Affected and Fixed Packages Package Details
Weaknesses (3)
CWE-1035 OWASP Top Ten 2017 Category A9 - Using Components with Known Vulnerabilities
CWE-601 URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
CWE-937 OWASP Top Ten 2013 Category A9 - Using Components with Known Vulnerabilities
System Score Found at
cvssv3 5.4 https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2021-44528.json
epss 0.25125 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2021-44528
epss 0.25125 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2021-44528
epss 0.25125 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2021-44528
epss 0.25125 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2021-44528
epss 0.25125 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2021-44528
epss 0.25125 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2021-44528
epss 0.25125 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2021-44528
epss 0.25125 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2021-44528
cvssv3.1_qr MODERATE https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-qphc-hf5q-v8fc
cvssv3.1 6.1 https://github.com/rails/rails
generic_textual MODERATE https://github.com/rails/rails
cvssv3.1 6.1 https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/v6.1.4.2/actionpack/CHANGELOG.md#rails-6142-december-14-2021
generic_textual MODERATE https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/v6.1.4.2/actionpack/CHANGELOG.md#rails-6142-december-14-2021
cvssv3.1 6.1 https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/0fccfb9a3097a9c4260c791f1a40b128517e7815
generic_textual MODERATE https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/0fccfb9a3097a9c4260c791f1a40b128517e7815
cvssv3.1 6.1 https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/aecba3c301b80e9d5a63c30ea1b287bceaf2c107
generic_textual MODERATE https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/aecba3c301b80e9d5a63c30ea1b287bceaf2c107
cvssv3.1 6.1 https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/actionpack/CVE-2021-44528.yml
generic_textual MODERATE https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/actionpack/CVE-2021-44528.yml
cvssv3 6.1 https://groups.google.com/g/ruby-security-ann/c/vG9gz3nk1pM/m/7-NU4MNrDAAJ
cvssv3.1 6.1 https://groups.google.com/g/ruby-security-ann/c/vG9gz3nk1pM/m/7-NU4MNrDAAJ
generic_textual MODERATE https://groups.google.com/g/ruby-security-ann/c/vG9gz3nk1pM/m/7-NU4MNrDAAJ
cvssv3.1 6.1 https://groups.google.com/g/ruby-security-ann/c/vG9gz3nk1pM/m/7-NU4MNrDAAJ?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer
generic_textual MODERATE https://groups.google.com/g/ruby-security-ann/c/vG9gz3nk1pM/m/7-NU4MNrDAAJ?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer
cvssv3.1 6.1 https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-44528
generic_textual MODERATE https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-44528
cvssv3.1 6.1 https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240208-0003
generic_textual MODERATE https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240208-0003
cvssv3.1 6.1 https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5372
generic_textual MODERATE https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5372
Reference id Reference type URL
https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2021-44528.json
https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2021-44528
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-22942
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-44528
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2022-21831
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2022-22577
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2022-23633
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2022-27777
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2023-22792
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2023-22794
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2023-22795
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2023-22796
https://github.com/rails/rails
https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/v6.1.4.2/actionpack/CHANGELOG.md#rails-6142-december-14-2021
https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/0fccfb9a3097a9c4260c791f1a40b128517e7815
https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/aecba3c301b80e9d5a63c30ea1b287bceaf2c107
https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/actionpack/CVE-2021-44528.yml
https://groups.google.com/g/ruby-security-ann/c/vG9gz3nk1pM/m/7-NU4MNrDAAJ
https://groups.google.com/g/ruby-security-ann/c/vG9gz3nk1pM/m/7-NU4MNrDAAJ?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer
https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240208-0003
https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240208-0003/
https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5372
1001817 https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1001817
2034266 https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2034266
CVE-2021-44528 https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-44528
GHSA-qphc-hf5q-v8fc https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-qphc-hf5q-v8fc
No exploits are available.
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N Found at https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2021-44528.json
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

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Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N Found at https://github.com/rails/rails
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

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Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N Found at https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/v6.1.4.2/actionpack/CHANGELOG.md#rails-6142-december-14-2021
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

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Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N Found at https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/0fccfb9a3097a9c4260c791f1a40b128517e7815
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

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Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N Found at https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/aecba3c301b80e9d5a63c30ea1b287bceaf2c107
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

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physical

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Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N Found at https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/actionpack/CVE-2021-44528.yml
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

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Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N Found at https://groups.google.com/g/ruby-security-ann/c/vG9gz3nk1pM/m/7-NU4MNrDAAJ
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

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unchanged

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Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N Found at https://groups.google.com/g/ruby-security-ann/c/vG9gz3nk1pM/m/7-NU4MNrDAAJ?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

high

none

required

unchanged

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none

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Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N Found at https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-44528
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

high

none

required

unchanged

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none

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low

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Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N Found at https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240208-0003
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

high

none

required

unchanged

changed

high

low

none

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low

none

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Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N Found at https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5372
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

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none

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required

unchanged

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Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)
Percentile 0.96142
EPSS Score 0.25125
Published At April 1, 2026, 12:55 p.m.
Date Actor Action Source VulnerableCode Version
2026-04-01T12:49:10.402694+00:00 GitLab Importer Import https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/advisories-community/-/blob/main/gem/actionpack/CVE-2021-44528.yml 38.0.0