Staging Environment: Content and features may be unstable or change without notice.
Search for vulnerabilities
Vulnerability details: VCID-3bk2-zvud-c7et
Vulnerability ID VCID-3bk2-zvud-c7et
Aliases CVE-2026-27493
GHSA-75g8-rv7v-32f7
Summary n8n has Unauthenticated Expression Evaluation via Form Node A second-order expression injection vulnerability existed in n8n's Form nodes that could allow an unauthenticated attacker to inject and evaluate arbitrary n8n expressions by submitting crafted form data. When chained with an expression sandbox escape, this could escalate to remote code execution on the n8n host. The vulnerability requires a specific workflow configuration to be exploitable: 1. A form node with a field interpolating a value provided by an unauthenticated user, e.g. a form submitted value. 2. The field value must begin with an `=` character, which caused n8n to treat it as an expression and triggered a double-evaluation of the field content. For example, a workflow uses a multi-step Form where a downstream Form node renders user-provided input back in an HTML field and precedes it with an `=` sign: `=<h2>Thank you, {{ $input.first().json[\"Name\"] }}!</h2>` There is no practical reason for a workflow designer to prefix a field with `=` intentionally — the character is not rendered in the output, so the result would not match the designer's expectations. If added accidentally, it would be noticeable and very unlikely to persist. An unauthenticated attacker would need to either know about this specific circumstance on a target instance or discover a matching form by chance. Even when the preconditions are met, the expression injection alone is limited to data accessible within the n8n expression context. Escalation to remote code execution requires chaining with a separate sandbox escape vulnerability. Due to these real-world constraints — the unlikely workflow configuration, the need for an additional sandbox escape, and the difficulty of discovery — we have assessed the severity as High rather than Critical, diverging from the base CVSS score to better reflect actual exploitability.
Status Published
Exploitability 0.5
Weighted Severity 9.0
Risk 4.5
Affected and Fixed Packages Package Details
Weaknesses (4)
CWE-94 Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
CWE-95 Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')
CWE-937 OWASP Top Ten 2013 Category A9 - Using Components with Known Vulnerabilities
CWE-1035 OWASP Top Ten 2017 Category A9 - Using Components with Known Vulnerabilities
System Score Found at
cvssv3.1 9.0 https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n
cvssv4 9.5 https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n
generic_textual CRITICAL https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n
cvssv3.1 9.0 https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/commit/562d867483e871b0f1e31776252e23bd721df75b
cvssv4 9.5 https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/commit/562d867483e871b0f1e31776252e23bd721df75b
generic_textual CRITICAL https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/commit/562d867483e871b0f1e31776252e23bd721df75b
cvssv3.1 9.0 https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/issues/19
cvssv4 9.5 https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/issues/19
generic_textual CRITICAL https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/issues/19
cvssv3.1 9.0 https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n@1.123.22
cvssv4 9.5 https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n@1.123.22
generic_textual CRITICAL https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n@1.123.22
cvssv3.1 9.0 https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n@2.10.1
cvssv4 9.5 https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n@2.10.1
generic_textual CRITICAL https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n@2.10.1
cvssv3.1 9.0 https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n@2.9.3
cvssv4 9.5 https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n@2.9.3
generic_textual CRITICAL https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n@2.9.3
cvssv3.1 9.0 https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-75g8-rv7v-32f7
cvssv4 9.5 https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-75g8-rv7v-32f7
generic_textual CRITICAL https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-75g8-rv7v-32f7
cvssv3.1 9.0 https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-27493
cvssv4 9.5 https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-27493
generic_textual CRITICAL https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-27493
Reference id Reference type URL
https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n
https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/commit/562d867483e871b0f1e31776252e23bd721df75b
https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/issues/19
https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n@1.123.22
https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n@2.10.1
https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n@2.9.3
CVE-2026-27493 https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-27493
GHSA-75g8-rv7v-32f7 https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-75g8-rv7v-32f7
GHSA-75g8-rv7v-32f7 https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-75g8-rv7v-32f7
No exploits are available.
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Found at https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

high

none

required

unchanged

changed

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none
Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H Found at https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Attack Requirements (AT) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Vulnerable System Impact Confidentiality (VC) Vulnerable System Impact Integrity (VI) Vulnerable System Impact Availability (VA) Subsequent System Impact Confidentiality (SC) Subsequent System Impact Integrity (SI) Subsequent System Impact Availability (SA)

network

adjacent

local

physical

low

high

none

present

none

low

high

none

passive

active

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Found at https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/commit/562d867483e871b0f1e31776252e23bd721df75b
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

high

none

required

unchanged

changed

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none
Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H Found at https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/commit/562d867483e871b0f1e31776252e23bd721df75b
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Attack Requirements (AT) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Vulnerable System Impact Confidentiality (VC) Vulnerable System Impact Integrity (VI) Vulnerable System Impact Availability (VA) Subsequent System Impact Confidentiality (SC) Subsequent System Impact Integrity (SI) Subsequent System Impact Availability (SA)

network

adjacent

local

physical

low

high

none

present

none

low

high

none

passive

active

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Found at https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/issues/19
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

high

none

required

unchanged

changed

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none
Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H Found at https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/issues/19
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Attack Requirements (AT) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Vulnerable System Impact Confidentiality (VC) Vulnerable System Impact Integrity (VI) Vulnerable System Impact Availability (VA) Subsequent System Impact Confidentiality (SC) Subsequent System Impact Integrity (SI) Subsequent System Impact Availability (SA)

network

adjacent

local

physical

low

high

none

present

none

low

high

none

passive

active

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Found at https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n@1.123.22
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

high

none

required

unchanged

changed

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none
Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H Found at https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n@1.123.22
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Attack Requirements (AT) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Vulnerable System Impact Confidentiality (VC) Vulnerable System Impact Integrity (VI) Vulnerable System Impact Availability (VA) Subsequent System Impact Confidentiality (SC) Subsequent System Impact Integrity (SI) Subsequent System Impact Availability (SA)

network

adjacent

local

physical

low

high

none

present

none

low

high

none

passive

active

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Found at https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n@2.10.1
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

high

none

required

unchanged

changed

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none
Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H Found at https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n@2.10.1
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Attack Requirements (AT) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Vulnerable System Impact Confidentiality (VC) Vulnerable System Impact Integrity (VI) Vulnerable System Impact Availability (VA) Subsequent System Impact Confidentiality (SC) Subsequent System Impact Integrity (SI) Subsequent System Impact Availability (SA)

network

adjacent

local

physical

low

high

none

present

none

low

high

none

passive

active

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Found at https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n@2.9.3
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

high

none

required

unchanged

changed

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none
Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H Found at https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n@2.9.3
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Attack Requirements (AT) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Vulnerable System Impact Confidentiality (VC) Vulnerable System Impact Integrity (VI) Vulnerable System Impact Availability (VA) Subsequent System Impact Confidentiality (SC) Subsequent System Impact Integrity (SI) Subsequent System Impact Availability (SA)

network

adjacent

local

physical

low

high

none

present

none

low

high

none

passive

active

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Found at https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-75g8-rv7v-32f7
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

high

none

required

unchanged

changed

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none
Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H Found at https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-75g8-rv7v-32f7
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Attack Requirements (AT) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Vulnerable System Impact Confidentiality (VC) Vulnerable System Impact Integrity (VI) Vulnerable System Impact Availability (VA) Subsequent System Impact Confidentiality (SC) Subsequent System Impact Integrity (SI) Subsequent System Impact Availability (SA)

network

adjacent

local

physical

low

high

none

present

none

low

high

none

passive

active

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Found at https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-27493
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

high

none

required

unchanged

changed

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none
Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H Found at https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-27493
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Attack Requirements (AT) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Vulnerable System Impact Confidentiality (VC) Vulnerable System Impact Integrity (VI) Vulnerable System Impact Availability (VA) Subsequent System Impact Confidentiality (SC) Subsequent System Impact Integrity (SI) Subsequent System Impact Availability (SA)

network

adjacent

local

physical

low

high

none

present

none

low

high

none

passive

active

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none

No EPSS data available for this vulnerability.

Date Actor Action Source VulnerableCode Version
2026-06-02T04:50:51.112185+00:00 GitLab Importer Import https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/advisories-community/-/blob/main/npm/n8n/CVE-2026-27493.yml 38.6.0