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Vulnerability details: VCID-6vg2-h2n1-1ubp
Vulnerability ID VCID-6vg2-h2n1-1ubp
Aliases CVE-2026-33895
GHSA-q67f-28xg-22rw
Summary Forge (also called `node-forge`) is a native implementation of Transport Layer Security in JavaScript. Prior to version 1.4.0, Ed25519 signature verification accepts forged non-canonical signatures where the scalar S is not reduced modulo the group order (`S >= L`). A valid signature and its `S + L` variant both verify in forge, while Node.js `crypto.verify` (OpenSSL-backed) rejects the `S + L` variant, as defined by the specification. This class of signature malleability has been exploited in practice to bypass authentication and authorization logic (see CVE-2026-25793, CVE-2022-35961). Applications relying on signature uniqueness (i.e., dedup by signature bytes, replay tracking, signed-object canonicalization checks) may be bypassed. Version 1.4.0 patches the issue.
Status Published
Exploitability 0.5
Weighted Severity 8.0
Risk 4.0
Affected and Fixed Packages Package Details
Weaknesses (3)
CWE-347 Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature
CWE-937 OWASP Top Ten 2013 Category A9 - Using Components with Known Vulnerabilities
CWE-1035 OWASP Top Ten 2017 Category A9 - Using Components with Known Vulnerabilities
System Score Found at
cvssv3 7.5 https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2026-33895.json
epss 0.00042 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2026-33895
epss 0.00042 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2026-33895
epss 0.00042 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2026-33895
epss 0.00042 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2026-33895
cvssv3.1 7.5 https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8032#section-8.4
generic_textual HIGH https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8032#section-8.4
ssvc Track https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8032#section-8.4
cvssv3.1_qr HIGH https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-q67f-28xg-22rw
cvssv3.1 7.5 https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge
generic_textual HIGH https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge
cvssv3.1 7.5 https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/commit/bdecf11571c9f1a487cc0fe72fe78ff6dfa96b85
generic_textual HIGH https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/commit/bdecf11571c9f1a487cc0fe72fe78ff6dfa96b85
ssvc Track https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/commit/bdecf11571c9f1a487cc0fe72fe78ff6dfa96b85
cvssv3.1 7.5 https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/security/advisories/GHSA-q67f-28xg-22rw
cvssv3.1_qr HIGH https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/security/advisories/GHSA-q67f-28xg-22rw
generic_textual HIGH https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/security/advisories/GHSA-q67f-28xg-22rw
ssvc Track https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/security/advisories/GHSA-q67f-28xg-22rw
cvssv3.1 7.5 https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-35961
generic_textual HIGH https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-35961
cvssv3.1 7.5 https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-25793
generic_textual HIGH https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-25793
cvssv3.1 7.5 https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33895
generic_textual HIGH https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33895
Reference id Reference type URL
https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2026-33895.json
https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2026-33895
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-25793
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33895
2452457 https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2452457
bdecf11571c9f1a487cc0fe72fe78ff6dfa96b85 https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/commit/bdecf11571c9f1a487cc0fe72fe78ff6dfa96b85
CVE-2022-35961 https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-35961
GHSA-q67f-28xg-22rw https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-q67f-28xg-22rw
GHSA-q67f-28xg-22rw https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/security/advisories/GHSA-q67f-28xg-22rw
rfc8032#section-8.4 https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8032#section-8.4
RHSA-2026:13826 https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:13826
RHSA-2026:24761 https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:24761
RHSA-2026:9742 https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:9742
No exploits are available.
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N Found at https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2026-33895.json
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

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required

unchanged

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Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N Found at https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8032#section-8.4
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

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unchanged

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Vector: SSVCv2/E:P/A:Y/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2026-03-31T18:39:49Z/ Found at https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8032#section-8.4
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N Found at https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

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none

required

unchanged

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none

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low

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Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N Found at https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/commit/bdecf11571c9f1a487cc0fe72fe78ff6dfa96b85
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

high

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required

unchanged

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high

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Vector: SSVCv2/E:P/A:Y/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2026-03-31T18:39:49Z/ Found at https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/commit/bdecf11571c9f1a487cc0fe72fe78ff6dfa96b85
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N Found at https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/security/advisories/GHSA-q67f-28xg-22rw
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

high

none

required

unchanged

changed

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none
Vector: SSVCv2/E:P/A:Y/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2026-03-31T18:39:49Z/ Found at https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/security/advisories/GHSA-q67f-28xg-22rw
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N Found at https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-35961
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

high

none

required

unchanged

changed

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N Found at https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-25793
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

high

none

required

unchanged

changed

high

low

none

high

low

none

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none
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N Found at https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33895
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

high

none

required

unchanged

changed

high

low

none

high

low

none

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low

none
Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)
Percentile 0.13338
EPSS Score 0.00042
Published At June 11, 2026, 12:55 p.m.
Date Actor Action Source VulnerableCode Version
2026-06-11T16:49:28.263802+00:00 Vulnrichment Import https://github.com/cisagov/vulnrichment/blob/develop/2026/33xxx/CVE-2026-33895.json 38.6.0