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Vulnerability details: VCID-79e8-w592-4kfc
Vulnerability ID VCID-79e8-w592-4kfc
Aliases CVE-2025-23061
GHSA-vg7j-7cwx-8wgw
Summary Mongoose before 8.9.5 can improperly use a nested $where filter with a populate() match, leading to search injection. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2024-53900.
Status Published
Exploitability 0.5
Weighted Severity 9.0
Risk 4.5
Affected and Fixed Packages Package Details
Weaknesses (3)
CWE-94 Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
CWE-937 OWASP Top Ten 2013 Category A9 - Using Components with Known Vulnerabilities
CWE-1035 OWASP Top Ten 2017 Category A9 - Using Components with Known Vulnerabilities
System Score Found at
epss 0.71855 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-23061
epss 0.71855 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-23061
epss 0.71855 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-23061
cvssv3.1 9.0 https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-m7xq-9374-9rvx
generic_textual CRITICAL https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-m7xq-9374-9rvx
cvssv3.1 9.0 https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose
generic_textual CRITICAL https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose
cvssv3.1 9 https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md
cvssv3.1 9.0 https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md
generic_textual CRITICAL https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md
ssvc Track https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md
cvssv3.1 9 https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/commit/64a9f9706f2428c49e0cfb8e223065acc645f7bc
cvssv3.1 9.0 https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/commit/64a9f9706f2428c49e0cfb8e223065acc645f7bc
generic_textual CRITICAL https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/commit/64a9f9706f2428c49e0cfb8e223065acc645f7bc
ssvc Track https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/commit/64a9f9706f2428c49e0cfb8e223065acc645f7bc
cvssv3.1 9.0 https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/compare/6.13.5...6.13.6
generic_textual CRITICAL https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/compare/6.13.5...6.13.6
cvssv3.1 9.0 https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/compare/7.8.3...7.8.4
generic_textual CRITICAL https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/compare/7.8.3...7.8.4
cvssv3.1 9.0 https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/compare/8.9.4...8.9.5
generic_textual CRITICAL https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/compare/8.9.4...8.9.5
cvssv3.1 9.0 https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/releases/tag/6.13.6
generic_textual CRITICAL https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/releases/tag/6.13.6
cvssv3.1 9.0 https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/releases/tag/7.8.4
generic_textual CRITICAL https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/releases/tag/7.8.4
cvssv3.1 9 https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/releases/tag/8.9.5
cvssv3.1 9.0 https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/releases/tag/8.9.5
generic_textual CRITICAL https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/releases/tag/8.9.5
ssvc Track https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/releases/tag/8.9.5
cvssv3.1 9.0 https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-23061
generic_textual CRITICAL https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-23061
cvssv3.1 9 https://www.npmjs.com/package/mongoose?activeTab=versions
cvssv3.1 9.0 https://www.npmjs.com/package/mongoose?activeTab=versions
generic_textual CRITICAL https://www.npmjs.com/package/mongoose?activeTab=versions
ssvc Track https://www.npmjs.com/package/mongoose?activeTab=versions
Reference id Reference type URL
https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-23061
https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose
https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/compare/6.13.5...6.13.6
https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/compare/7.8.3...7.8.4
https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/compare/8.9.4...8.9.5
https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/releases/tag/6.13.6
https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/releases/tag/7.8.4
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-23061
64a9f9706f2428c49e0cfb8e223065acc645f7bc https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/commit/64a9f9706f2428c49e0cfb8e223065acc645f7bc
8.9.5 https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/releases/tag/8.9.5
CHANGELOG.md https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md
GHSA-m7xq-9374-9rvx https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-m7xq-9374-9rvx
GHSA-vg7j-7cwx-8wgw https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-vg7j-7cwx-8wgw
mongoose?activeTab=versions https://www.npmjs.com/package/mongoose?activeTab=versions
No exploits are available.
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Found at https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-m7xq-9374-9rvx
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

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none

required

unchanged

changed

high

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none

high

low

none

high

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none
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Found at https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

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none

required

unchanged

changed

high

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none

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none

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none
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Found at https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

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required

unchanged

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Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Found at https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

high

none

required

unchanged

changed

high

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none

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low

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none
Vector: SSVCv2/E:N/A:N/T:T/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-01-15T15:10:29Z/ Found at https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Found at https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/commit/64a9f9706f2428c49e0cfb8e223065acc645f7bc
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

high

none

required

unchanged

changed

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Found at https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/commit/64a9f9706f2428c49e0cfb8e223065acc645f7bc
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

high

none

required

unchanged

changed

high

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none

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low

none

high

low

none
Vector: SSVCv2/E:N/A:N/T:T/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-01-15T15:10:29Z/ Found at https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/commit/64a9f9706f2428c49e0cfb8e223065acc645f7bc
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Found at https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/compare/6.13.5...6.13.6
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

high

none

required

unchanged

changed

high

low

none

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low

none

high

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none
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Found at https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/compare/7.8.3...7.8.4
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

high

none

required

unchanged

changed

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Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Found at https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/compare/8.9.4...8.9.5
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

high

none

required

unchanged

changed

high

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none

high

low

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none
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Found at https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/releases/tag/6.13.6
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

high

none

required

unchanged

changed

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Found at https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/releases/tag/7.8.4
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

high

none

required

unchanged

changed

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

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Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Found at https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/releases/tag/8.9.5
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

high

none

required

unchanged

changed

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Found at https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/releases/tag/8.9.5
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

high

none

required

unchanged

changed

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none
Vector: SSVCv2/E:N/A:N/T:T/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-01-15T15:10:29Z/ Found at https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/releases/tag/8.9.5
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Found at https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-23061
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

high

none

required

unchanged

changed

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Found at https://www.npmjs.com/package/mongoose?activeTab=versions
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

high

none

required

unchanged

changed

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Found at https://www.npmjs.com/package/mongoose?activeTab=versions
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

high

none

required

unchanged

changed

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none
Vector: SSVCv2/E:N/A:N/T:T/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-01-15T15:10:29Z/ Found at https://www.npmjs.com/package/mongoose?activeTab=versions
Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)
Percentile 0.98759
EPSS Score 0.71855
Published At June 11, 2026, 12:55 p.m.
Date Actor Action Source VulnerableCode Version
2026-06-11T16:57:53.924016+00:00 Vulnrichment Import https://github.com/cisagov/vulnrichment/blob/develop/2025/23xxx/CVE-2025-23061.json 38.6.0