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Vulnerability details: VCID-91r7-3yk2-z7c7
Vulnerability ID VCID-91r7-3yk2-z7c7
Aliases CVE-2025-9905
GHSA-36rr-ww3j-vrjv
PYSEC-2025-123
Summary The Keras Model.load_model method can be exploited to achieve arbitrary code execution, even with safe_mode=True. One can create a specially crafted .h5/.hdf5 model archive that, when loaded via Model.load_model, will trigger arbitrary code to be executed. This is achieved by crafting a special .h5 archive file that uses the Lambda layer feature of keras which allows arbitrary Python code in the form of pickled code. The vulnerability comes from the fact that the safe_mode=True option is not honored when reading .h5 archives. Note that the .h5/.hdf5 format is a legacy format supported by Keras 3 for backwards compatibility.
Status Published
Exploitability 0.5
Weighted Severity 8.0
Risk 4.0
Affected and Fixed Packages Package Details
Weaknesses (3)
CWE-913 Improper Control of Dynamically-Managed Code Resources
CWE-937 OWASP Top Ten 2013 Category A9 - Using Components with Known Vulnerabilities
CWE-1035 OWASP Top Ten 2017 Category A9 - Using Components with Known Vulnerabilities
System Score Found at
cvssv3 8.6 https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2025-9905.json
epss 8e-05 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-9905
epss 8e-05 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-9905
epss 8e-05 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-9905
cvssv4 8.7 https://github.com/keras-team/keras
generic_textual HIGH https://github.com/keras-team/keras
cvssv3.1 7.3 https://github.com/keras-team/keras/pull/21602
cvssv4 7.3 https://github.com/keras-team/keras/pull/21602
cvssv4 8.7 https://github.com/keras-team/keras/pull/21602
generic_textual HIGH https://github.com/keras-team/keras/pull/21602
ssvc Track https://github.com/keras-team/keras/pull/21602
cvssv3.1 7.3 https://github.com/keras-team/keras/security/advisories/GHSA-36rr-ww3j-vrjv
cvssv4 7.3 https://github.com/keras-team/keras/security/advisories/GHSA-36rr-ww3j-vrjv
cvssv4 8.7 https://github.com/keras-team/keras/security/advisories/GHSA-36rr-ww3j-vrjv
generic_textual HIGH https://github.com/keras-team/keras/security/advisories/GHSA-36rr-ww3j-vrjv
ssvc Track https://github.com/keras-team/keras/security/advisories/GHSA-36rr-ww3j-vrjv
cvssv4 8.7 https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/keras/PYSEC-2025-123.yaml
generic_textual HIGH https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/keras/PYSEC-2025-123.yaml
cvssv4 8.7 https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-9905
generic_textual HIGH https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-9905
Reference id Reference type URL
https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2025-9905.json
https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-9905
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2025-9905
https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/keras/PYSEC-2025-123.yaml
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-9905
21602 https://github.com/keras-team/keras/pull/21602
2396645 https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2396645
GHSA-36rr-ww3j-vrjv https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-36rr-ww3j-vrjv
GHSA-36rr-ww3j-vrjv https://github.com/keras-team/keras/security/advisories/GHSA-36rr-ww3j-vrjv
RHSA-2025:22759 https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:22759
RHSA-2025:23531 https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:23531
No exploits are available.
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Found at https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2025-9905.json
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

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physical

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Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H Found at https://github.com/keras-team/keras
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Attack Requirements (AT) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Vulnerable System Impact Confidentiality (VC) Vulnerable System Impact Integrity (VI) Vulnerable System Impact Availability (VA) Subsequent System Impact Confidentiality (SC) Subsequent System Impact Integrity (SI) Subsequent System Impact Availability (SA)

network

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Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Found at https://github.com/keras-team/keras/pull/21602
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

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Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H Found at https://github.com/keras-team/keras/pull/21602
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Attack Requirements (AT) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Vulnerable System Impact Confidentiality (VC) Vulnerable System Impact Integrity (VI) Vulnerable System Impact Availability (VA) Subsequent System Impact Confidentiality (SC) Subsequent System Impact Integrity (SI) Subsequent System Impact Availability (SA)

network

adjacent

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physical

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Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H Found at https://github.com/keras-team/keras/pull/21602
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Attack Requirements (AT) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Vulnerable System Impact Confidentiality (VC) Vulnerable System Impact Integrity (VI) Vulnerable System Impact Availability (VA) Subsequent System Impact Confidentiality (SC) Subsequent System Impact Integrity (SI) Subsequent System Impact Availability (SA)

network

adjacent

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Vector: SSVCv2/E:N/A:N/T:T/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-09-19T11:47:46Z/ Found at https://github.com/keras-team/keras/pull/21602
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Found at https://github.com/keras-team/keras/security/advisories/GHSA-36rr-ww3j-vrjv
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

high

none

required

unchanged

changed

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none
Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H Found at https://github.com/keras-team/keras/security/advisories/GHSA-36rr-ww3j-vrjv
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Attack Requirements (AT) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Vulnerable System Impact Confidentiality (VC) Vulnerable System Impact Integrity (VI) Vulnerable System Impact Availability (VA) Subsequent System Impact Confidentiality (SC) Subsequent System Impact Integrity (SI) Subsequent System Impact Availability (SA)

network

adjacent

local

physical

low

high

none

present

none

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passive

active

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Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H Found at https://github.com/keras-team/keras/security/advisories/GHSA-36rr-ww3j-vrjv
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Attack Requirements (AT) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Vulnerable System Impact Confidentiality (VC) Vulnerable System Impact Integrity (VI) Vulnerable System Impact Availability (VA) Subsequent System Impact Confidentiality (SC) Subsequent System Impact Integrity (SI) Subsequent System Impact Availability (SA)

network

adjacent

local

physical

low

high

none

present

none

low

high

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passive

active

high

low

none

high

low

none

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low

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low

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low

none

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low

none
Vector: SSVCv2/E:N/A:N/T:T/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-09-19T11:47:46Z/ Found at https://github.com/keras-team/keras/security/advisories/GHSA-36rr-ww3j-vrjv
Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H Found at https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/keras/PYSEC-2025-123.yaml
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Attack Requirements (AT) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Vulnerable System Impact Confidentiality (VC) Vulnerable System Impact Integrity (VI) Vulnerable System Impact Availability (VA) Subsequent System Impact Confidentiality (SC) Subsequent System Impact Integrity (SI) Subsequent System Impact Availability (SA)

network

adjacent

local

physical

low

high

none

present

none

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passive

active

high

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none

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Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H Found at https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-9905
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Attack Requirements (AT) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Vulnerable System Impact Confidentiality (VC) Vulnerable System Impact Integrity (VI) Vulnerable System Impact Availability (VA) Subsequent System Impact Confidentiality (SC) Subsequent System Impact Integrity (SI) Subsequent System Impact Availability (SA)

network

adjacent

local

physical

low

high

none

present

none

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none

passive

active

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none

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Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)
Percentile 0.007
EPSS Score 8e-05
Published At June 11, 2026, 12:55 p.m.
Date Actor Action Source VulnerableCode Version
2026-06-11T17:09:44.829295+00:00 Vulnrichment Import https://github.com/cisagov/vulnrichment/blob/develop/2025/9xxx/CVE-2025-9905.json 38.6.0