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Vulnerability details: VCID-a63f-dgdt-qkeu
Vulnerability ID VCID-a63f-dgdt-qkeu
Aliases CVE-2023-28321
Summary An improper certificate validation vulnerability exists in curl <v8.1.0 in the way it supports matching of wildcard patterns when listed as "Subject Alternative Name" in TLS server certificates. curl can be built to use its own name matching function for TLS rather than one provided by a TLS library. This private wildcard matching function would match IDN (International Domain Name) hosts incorrectly and could as a result accept patterns that otherwise should mismatch. IDN hostnames are converted to puny code before used for certificate checks. Puny coded names always start with `xn--` and should not be allowed to pattern match, but the wildcard check in curl could still check for `x*`, which would match even though the IDN name most likely contained nothing even resembling an `x`.
Status Published
Exploitability 0.5
Weighted Severity 5.3
Risk 2.6
Affected and Fixed Packages Package Details
Weaknesses (1)
CWE-295 Improper Certificate Validation
System Score Found at
cvssv3 5.9 https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2023-28321.json
epss 0.00297 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-28321
epss 0.00297 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-28321
epss 0.00297 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-28321
epss 0.00297 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-28321
epss 0.00297 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-28321
epss 0.00297 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-28321
epss 0.00297 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-28321
epss 0.00297 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-28321
epss 0.00297 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-28321
epss 0.00297 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-28321
epss 0.00297 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-28321
epss 0.00297 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-28321
epss 0.00297 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-28321
epss 0.00297 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-28321
epss 0.00305 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-28321
epss 0.00657 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-28321
epss 0.00657 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-28321
epss 0.00657 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-28321
cvssv3.1 Low https://curl.se/docs/CVE-2023-28321.html
cvssv3.1 5.9 http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Jul/47
ssvc Track http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Jul/47
cvssv3.1 5.9 http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Jul/48
ssvc Track http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Jul/48
cvssv3.1 5.9 http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Jul/52
ssvc Track http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Jul/52
cvssv3.1 4.3 https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/yaml/suse-cvss-scores.yaml
cvssv3.1 5.9 https://hackerone.com/reports/1950627
ssvc Track https://hackerone.com/reports/1950627
cvssv3.1 5.9 https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/10/msg00016.html
ssvc Track https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/10/msg00016.html
cvssv3.1 5.9 https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/F4I75RDGX5ULSSCBE5BF3P5I5SFO7ULQ/
ssvc Track https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/F4I75RDGX5ULSSCBE5BF3P5I5SFO7ULQ/
cvssv3.1 5.9 https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/Z2LIWHWKOVH24COGGBCVOWDXXIUPKOMK/
ssvc Track https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/Z2LIWHWKOVH24COGGBCVOWDXXIUPKOMK/
cvssv3.1 5.9 https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-28321
cvssv3.1 5.9 https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202310-12
ssvc Track https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202310-12
cvssv3.1 5.9 https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230609-0009/
ssvc Track https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230609-0009/
cvssv3.1 5.9 https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213843
ssvc Track https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213843
cvssv3.1 5.9 https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213844
ssvc Track https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213844
cvssv3.1 5.9 https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213845
ssvc Track https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213845
Reference id Reference type URL
https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2023-28321.json
https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-28321
https://curl.se/docs/CVE-2023-28321.html
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2023-28321
https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/yaml/suse-cvss-scores.yaml
https://hackerone.com/reports/1950627
1036239 https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1036239
202310-12 https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202310-12
2196786 https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2196786
47 http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Jul/47
48 http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Jul/48
52 http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Jul/52
cpe:2.3:a:haxx:curl:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/search/results?adv_search=true&isCpeNameSearch=true&query=cpe:2.3:a:haxx:curl:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:netapp:clustered_data_ontap:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/search/results?adv_search=true&isCpeNameSearch=true&query=cpe:2.3:a:netapp:clustered_data_ontap:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:netapp:ontap_antivirus_connector:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/search/results?adv_search=true&isCpeNameSearch=true&query=cpe:2.3:a:netapp:ontap_antivirus_connector:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/search/results?adv_search=true&isCpeNameSearch=true&query=cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:10.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/search/results?adv_search=true&isCpeNameSearch=true&query=cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:10.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:37:*:*:*:*:*:*:* https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/search/results?adv_search=true&isCpeNameSearch=true&query=cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:37:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:38:*:*:*:*:*:*:* https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/search/results?adv_search=true&isCpeNameSearch=true&query=cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:38:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
CVE-2023-28321 https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-28321
F4I75RDGX5ULSSCBE5BF3P5I5SFO7ULQ https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/F4I75RDGX5ULSSCBE5BF3P5I5SFO7ULQ/
HT213843 https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213843
HT213844 https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213844
HT213845 https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213845
msg00016.html https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/10/msg00016.html
ntap-20230609-0009 https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230609-0009/
RHSA-2023:4354 https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2023:4354
RHSA-2023:4523 https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2023:4523
RHSA-2023:5598 https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2023:5598
RHSA-2023:6292 https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2023:6292
USN-6237-1 https://usn.ubuntu.com/6237-1/
USN-6237-3 https://usn.ubuntu.com/6237-3/
Z2LIWHWKOVH24COGGBCVOWDXXIUPKOMK https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/Z2LIWHWKOVH24COGGBCVOWDXXIUPKOMK/
No exploits are available.
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N Found at https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2023-28321.json
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

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Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N Found at http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Jul/47
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

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Vector: SSVCv2/E:P/A:N/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-01-15T15:54:13Z/ Found at http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Jul/47
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N Found at http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Jul/48
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

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Vector: SSVCv2/E:P/A:N/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-01-15T15:54:13Z/ Found at http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Jul/48
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N Found at http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Jul/52
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

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Vector: SSVCv2/E:P/A:N/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-01-15T15:54:13Z/ Found at http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Jul/52
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N Found at https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/yaml/suse-cvss-scores.yaml
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

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Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N Found at https://hackerone.com/reports/1950627
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Vector: SSVCv2/E:P/A:N/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-01-15T15:54:13Z/ Found at https://hackerone.com/reports/1950627
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N Found at https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/10/msg00016.html
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Vector: SSVCv2/E:P/A:N/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-01-15T15:54:13Z/ Found at https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/10/msg00016.html
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N Found at https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/F4I75RDGX5ULSSCBE5BF3P5I5SFO7ULQ/
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Vector: SSVCv2/E:P/A:N/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-01-15T15:54:13Z/ Found at https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/F4I75RDGX5ULSSCBE5BF3P5I5SFO7ULQ/
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N Found at https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/Z2LIWHWKOVH24COGGBCVOWDXXIUPKOMK/
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

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Vector: SSVCv2/E:P/A:N/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-01-15T15:54:13Z/ Found at https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/Z2LIWHWKOVH24COGGBCVOWDXXIUPKOMK/
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N Found at https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-28321
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Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N Found at https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202310-12
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

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Vector: SSVCv2/E:P/A:N/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-01-15T15:54:13Z/ Found at https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202310-12
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N Found at https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230609-0009/
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

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Vector: SSVCv2/E:P/A:N/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-01-15T15:54:13Z/ Found at https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230609-0009/
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N Found at https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213843
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

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Vector: SSVCv2/E:P/A:N/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-01-15T15:54:13Z/ Found at https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213843
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N Found at https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213844
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

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Vector: SSVCv2/E:P/A:N/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-01-15T15:54:13Z/ Found at https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213844
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N Found at https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213845
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

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Vector: SSVCv2/E:P/A:N/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-01-15T15:54:13Z/ Found at https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213845
Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)
Percentile 0.52641
EPSS Score 0.00297
Published At July 30, 2025, 12:55 p.m.
Date Actor Action Source VulnerableCode Version
2025-07-31T08:30:47.491194+00:00 Alpine Linux Importer Import https://secdb.alpinelinux.org/v3.21/main.json 37.0.0