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Vulnerability details: VCID-dwax-f22f-5ybj
Vulnerability ID VCID-dwax-f22f-5ybj
Aliases CVE-2025-54572
GHSA-rrqh-93c8-j966
Summary The Ruby SAML library is for implementing the client side of a SAML authorization. In versions 1.18.0 and below, a denial-of-service vulnerability exists in ruby-saml even with the message_max_bytesize setting configured. The vulnerability occurs because the SAML response is validated for Base64 format prior to checking the message size, leading to potential resource exhaustion. This is fixed in version 1.18.1.
Status Published
Exploitability 0.5
Weighted Severity 6.2
Risk 3.1
Affected and Fixed Packages Package Details
Weaknesses (4)
CWE-400 Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
CWE-770 Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
CWE-937 OWASP Top Ten 2013 Category A9 - Using Components with Known Vulnerabilities
CWE-1035 OWASP Top Ten 2017 Category A9 - Using Components with Known Vulnerabilities
System Score Found at
epss 0.00581 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-54572
epss 0.00581 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-54572
epss 0.00581 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-54572
epss 0.00581 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-54572
cvssv3.1_qr MODERATE https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-rrqh-93c8-j966
cvssv4 6.9 https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/ruby-saml/CVE-2025-54572.yml
generic_textual MODERATE https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/ruby-saml/CVE-2025-54572.yml
cvssv4 6.9 https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml
generic_textual MODERATE https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml
cvssv4 6.9 https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/38ef5dd1ce17514e202431f569c4f5633e6c2709
generic_textual MODERATE https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/38ef5dd1ce17514e202431f569c4f5633e6c2709
ssvc Track https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/38ef5dd1ce17514e202431f569c4f5633e6c2709
cvssv4 6.9 https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/pull/770
generic_textual MODERATE https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/pull/770
ssvc Track https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/pull/770
cvssv4 6.9 https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.18.1
generic_textual MODERATE https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.18.1
ssvc Track https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.18.1
cvssv3.1_qr MODERATE https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-rrqh-93c8-j966
cvssv4 6.9 https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-rrqh-93c8-j966
generic_textual MODERATE https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-rrqh-93c8-j966
ssvc Track https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-rrqh-93c8-j966
cvssv4 6.9 https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/09/msg00001.html
generic_textual MODERATE https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/09/msg00001.html
cvssv4 6.9 https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54572
generic_textual MODERATE https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54572
Reference id Reference type URL
https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-54572
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2025-54572
https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/ruby-saml/CVE-2025-54572.yml
https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/09/msg00001.html
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54572
38ef5dd1ce17514e202431f569c4f5633e6c2709 https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/38ef5dd1ce17514e202431f569c4f5633e6c2709
770 https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/pull/770
GHSA-rrqh-93c8-j966 https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-rrqh-93c8-j966
GHSA-rrqh-93c8-j966 https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-rrqh-93c8-j966
v1.18.1 https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.18.1
No exploits are available.
Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N Found at https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/ruby-saml/CVE-2025-54572.yml
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Attack Requirements (AT) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Vulnerable System Impact Confidentiality (VC) Vulnerable System Impact Integrity (VI) Vulnerable System Impact Availability (VA) Subsequent System Impact Confidentiality (SC) Subsequent System Impact Integrity (SI) Subsequent System Impact Availability (SA)

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Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N Found at https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Attack Requirements (AT) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Vulnerable System Impact Confidentiality (VC) Vulnerable System Impact Integrity (VI) Vulnerable System Impact Availability (VA) Subsequent System Impact Confidentiality (SC) Subsequent System Impact Integrity (SI) Subsequent System Impact Availability (SA)

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Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N Found at https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/38ef5dd1ce17514e202431f569c4f5633e6c2709
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Attack Requirements (AT) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Vulnerable System Impact Confidentiality (VC) Vulnerable System Impact Integrity (VI) Vulnerable System Impact Availability (VA) Subsequent System Impact Confidentiality (SC) Subsequent System Impact Integrity (SI) Subsequent System Impact Availability (SA)

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Vector: SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-07-30T14:17:38Z/ Found at https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/38ef5dd1ce17514e202431f569c4f5633e6c2709
Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N Found at https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/pull/770
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Attack Requirements (AT) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Vulnerable System Impact Confidentiality (VC) Vulnerable System Impact Integrity (VI) Vulnerable System Impact Availability (VA) Subsequent System Impact Confidentiality (SC) Subsequent System Impact Integrity (SI) Subsequent System Impact Availability (SA)

network

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Vector: SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-07-30T14:17:38Z/ Found at https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/pull/770
Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N Found at https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.18.1
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Attack Requirements (AT) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Vulnerable System Impact Confidentiality (VC) Vulnerable System Impact Integrity (VI) Vulnerable System Impact Availability (VA) Subsequent System Impact Confidentiality (SC) Subsequent System Impact Integrity (SI) Subsequent System Impact Availability (SA)

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adjacent

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Vector: SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-07-30T14:17:38Z/ Found at https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.18.1
Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N Found at https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-rrqh-93c8-j966
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Attack Requirements (AT) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Vulnerable System Impact Confidentiality (VC) Vulnerable System Impact Integrity (VI) Vulnerable System Impact Availability (VA) Subsequent System Impact Confidentiality (SC) Subsequent System Impact Integrity (SI) Subsequent System Impact Availability (SA)

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Vector: SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-07-30T14:17:38Z/ Found at https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-rrqh-93c8-j966
Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N Found at https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/09/msg00001.html
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Attack Requirements (AT) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Vulnerable System Impact Confidentiality (VC) Vulnerable System Impact Integrity (VI) Vulnerable System Impact Availability (VA) Subsequent System Impact Confidentiality (SC) Subsequent System Impact Integrity (SI) Subsequent System Impact Availability (SA)

network

adjacent

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Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N Found at https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54572
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Attack Requirements (AT) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Vulnerable System Impact Confidentiality (VC) Vulnerable System Impact Integrity (VI) Vulnerable System Impact Availability (VA) Subsequent System Impact Confidentiality (SC) Subsequent System Impact Integrity (SI) Subsequent System Impact Availability (SA)

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Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)
Percentile 0.6939
EPSS Score 0.00581
Published At June 11, 2026, 12:55 p.m.
Date Actor Action Source VulnerableCode Version
2026-06-11T16:56:21.876239+00:00 Vulnrichment Import https://github.com/cisagov/vulnrichment/blob/develop/2025/54xxx/CVE-2025-54572.json 38.6.0