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Vulnerability details: VCID-gurz-gg9v-qfct
Vulnerability ID VCID-gurz-gg9v-qfct
Aliases CVE-2023-22621
GHSA-2h87-4q2w-v4hf
Summary Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') Strapi through 4.5.5 allows authenticated Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) that can be exploited to execute arbitrary code on the server. A remote attacker with access to the Strapi admin panel can inject a crafted payload that executes code on the server into an email template that bypasses the validation checks that should prevent code execution.
Status Published
Exploitability 2.0
Weighted Severity 9.0
Risk 10.0
Affected and Fixed Packages Package Details
Weaknesses (4)
CWE-1035 OWASP Top Ten 2017 Category A9 - Using Components with Known Vulnerabilities
CWE-78 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CWE-937 OWASP Top Ten 2013 Category A9 - Using Components with Known Vulnerabilities
CWE-74 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
System Score Found at
epss 0.91021 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-22621
cvssv3.1_qr CRITICAL https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-2h87-4q2w-v4hf
cvssv3.1 10.0 https://github.com/strapi/strapi
generic_textual CRITICAL https://github.com/strapi/strapi
cvssv3.1 10.0 https://github.com/strapi/strapi/commit/921d30961d6ba96cc098f2aea197350a49f990bd
generic_textual CRITICAL https://github.com/strapi/strapi/commit/921d30961d6ba96cc098f2aea197350a49f990bd
cvssv3.1 10.0 https://github.com/strapi/strapi/pull/15385
generic_textual CRITICAL https://github.com/strapi/strapi/pull/15385
cvssv3.1 10 https://github.com/strapi/strapi/releases
cvssv3.1 10.0 https://github.com/strapi/strapi/releases
generic_textual CRITICAL https://github.com/strapi/strapi/releases
ssvc Track https://github.com/strapi/strapi/releases
cvssv3.1 10.0 https://github.com/strapi/strapi/releases/tag/v4.5.6
generic_textual CRITICAL https://github.com/strapi/strapi/releases/tag/v4.5.6
cvssv3.1 10.0 https://github.com/strapi/strapi/security/advisories/GHSA-2h87-4q2w-v4hf
cvssv3.1_qr CRITICAL https://github.com/strapi/strapi/security/advisories/GHSA-2h87-4q2w-v4hf
generic_textual CRITICAL https://github.com/strapi/strapi/security/advisories/GHSA-2h87-4q2w-v4hf
cvssv3.1 10.0 https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22621
generic_textual CRITICAL https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22621
cvssv3.1 10 https://strapi.io/blog/security-disclosure-of-vulnerabilities-cve
cvssv3.1 10.0 https://strapi.io/blog/security-disclosure-of-vulnerabilities-cve
generic_textual CRITICAL https://strapi.io/blog/security-disclosure-of-vulnerabilities-cve
ssvc Track https://strapi.io/blog/security-disclosure-of-vulnerabilities-cve
cvssv3.1 10.0 https://www.ghostccamm.com/blog/multi_strapi_vulns
generic_textual CRITICAL https://www.ghostccamm.com/blog/multi_strapi_vulns
cvssv3.1 10 https://www.ghostccamm.com/blog/multi_strapi_vulns/
ssvc Track https://www.ghostccamm.com/blog/multi_strapi_vulns/
Reference id Reference type URL
https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-22621
https://github.com/strapi/strapi
https://github.com/strapi/strapi/commit/921d30961d6ba96cc098f2aea197350a49f990bd
https://github.com/strapi/strapi/pull/15385
https://github.com/strapi/strapi/releases
https://github.com/strapi/strapi/releases/tag/v4.5.6
https://strapi.io/blog/security-disclosure-of-vulnerabilities-cve
https://www.ghostccamm.com/blog/multi_strapi_vulns
https://www.ghostccamm.com/blog/multi_strapi_vulns/
CVE-2023-22621 https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22621
GHSA-2h87-4q2w-v4hf https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-2h87-4q2w-v4hf
GHSA-2h87-4q2w-v4hf https://github.com/strapi/strapi/security/advisories/GHSA-2h87-4q2w-v4hf
No exploits are available.
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Found at https://github.com/strapi/strapi
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

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required

unchanged

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none
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Found at https://github.com/strapi/strapi/commit/921d30961d6ba96cc098f2aea197350a49f990bd
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

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required

unchanged

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Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Found at https://github.com/strapi/strapi/pull/15385
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

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required

unchanged

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Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Found at https://github.com/strapi/strapi/releases
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

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none

required

unchanged

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high

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Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Found at https://github.com/strapi/strapi/releases
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

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none

required

unchanged

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high

low

none

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low

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none
Vector: SSVCv2/E:N/A:N/T:T/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-02-05T16:46:02Z/ Found at https://github.com/strapi/strapi/releases
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Found at https://github.com/strapi/strapi/releases/tag/v4.5.6
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

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required

unchanged

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Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Found at https://github.com/strapi/strapi/security/advisories/GHSA-2h87-4q2w-v4hf
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

high

none

required

unchanged

changed

high

low

none

high

low

none

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none
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Found at https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22621
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

high

none

required

unchanged

changed

high

low

none

high

low

none

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none
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Found at https://strapi.io/blog/security-disclosure-of-vulnerabilities-cve
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

high

none

required

unchanged

changed

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

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none
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Found at https://strapi.io/blog/security-disclosure-of-vulnerabilities-cve
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

high

none

required

unchanged

changed

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none
Vector: SSVCv2/E:N/A:N/T:T/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-02-05T16:46:02Z/ Found at https://strapi.io/blog/security-disclosure-of-vulnerabilities-cve
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Found at https://www.ghostccamm.com/blog/multi_strapi_vulns
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

high

none

required

unchanged

changed

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Found at https://www.ghostccamm.com/blog/multi_strapi_vulns/
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

high

none

required

unchanged

changed

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none
Vector: SSVCv2/E:N/A:N/T:T/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-02-05T16:46:02Z/ Found at https://www.ghostccamm.com/blog/multi_strapi_vulns/
Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)
Percentile 0.99653
EPSS Score 0.91021
Published At May 30, 2026, 12:55 p.m.
Date Actor Action Source VulnerableCode Version
2026-05-30T21:00:23.515852+00:00 GitLab Importer Import https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/advisories-community/-/blob/main/npm/@strapi/plugin-users-permissions/CVE-2023-22621.yml 38.6.0