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Vulnerability details: VCID-kukv-k3z7-7fgs
Vulnerability ID VCID-kukv-k3z7-7fgs
Aliases CVE-2025-31651
GHSA-ff77-26x5-69cr
Summary Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences vulnerability in Apache Tomcat. For a subset of unlikely rewrite rule configurations, it was possible for a specially crafted request to bypass some rewrite rules. If those rewrite rules effectively enforced security constraints, those constraints could be bypassed. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.5, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.39, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.102. The following versions were EOL at the time the CVE was created but are known to be affected: 8.5.0 though 8.5.100. Other, older, EOL versions may also be affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to version [FIXED_VERSION], which fixes the issue.
Status Published
Exploitability 0.5
Weighted Severity 8.8
Risk 4.4
Affected and Fixed Packages Package Details
Weaknesses (4)
CWE-116 Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
CWE-150 Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences
CWE-937 OWASP Top Ten 2013 Category A9 - Using Components with Known Vulnerabilities
CWE-1035 OWASP Top Ten 2017 Category A9 - Using Components with Known Vulnerabilities
System Score Found at
cvssv3 5.3 https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2025-31651.json
epss 0.0037 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-31651
epss 0.0037 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-31651
epss 0.0037 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-31651
epss 0.0037 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-31651
epss 0.0037 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-31651
epss 0.0037 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-31651
epss 0.0037 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-31651
epss 0.0037 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-31651
apache_tomcat Low https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2025-31651
cvssv3.1 7.5 https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/yaml/suse-cvss-scores.yaml
cvssv3.1_qr LOW https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-ff77-26x5-69cr
cvssv4 2.7 https://github.com/apache/tomcat
generic_textual LOW https://github.com/apache/tomcat
cvssv4 2.7 https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/066bf6b6a15a4e7e0941d4acf096841165b97098
generic_textual LOW https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/066bf6b6a15a4e7e0941d4acf096841165b97098
cvssv4 2.7 https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/175dc75fc428930034a6c93fb52f830d955d8e64
generic_textual LOW https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/175dc75fc428930034a6c93fb52f830d955d8e64
cvssv4 2.7 https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/ee3ab548e92345eca0cbd1f01649eb36c6f29454
generic_textual LOW https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/ee3ab548e92345eca0cbd1f01649eb36c6f29454
cvssv4 2.7 https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/fbecc915a10c5a3d634c5e2c6ced4ff479ce9953
generic_textual LOW https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/fbecc915a10c5a3d634c5e2c6ced4ff479ce9953
cvssv3.1 9.8 https://lists.apache.org/list.html?announce@tomcat.apache.org
cvssv4 2.7 https://lists.apache.org/list.html?announce@tomcat.apache.org
generic_textual LOW https://lists.apache.org/list.html?announce@tomcat.apache.org
ssvc Track https://lists.apache.org/list.html?announce@tomcat.apache.org
cvssv4 2.7 https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/07/msg00009.html
generic_textual LOW https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/07/msg00009.html
cvssv4 2.7 https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31651
generic_textual LOW https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31651
cvssv4 2.7 https://tomcat.apache.org/security-10.html
generic_textual LOW https://tomcat.apache.org/security-10.html
cvssv4 2.7 https://tomcat.apache.org/security-11.html
generic_textual LOW https://tomcat.apache.org/security-11.html
cvssv4 2.7 https://tomcat.apache.org/security-9.html
generic_textual LOW https://tomcat.apache.org/security-9.html
cvssv4 2.7 http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/28/3
generic_textual LOW http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/28/3
Reference id Reference type URL
https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2025-31651.json
https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-31651
https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/yaml/suse-cvss-scores.yaml
https://github.com/apache/tomcat
https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/066bf6b6a15a4e7e0941d4acf096841165b97098
https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/175dc75fc428930034a6c93fb52f830d955d8e64
https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/ee3ab548e92345eca0cbd1f01649eb36c6f29454
https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/fbecc915a10c5a3d634c5e2c6ced4ff479ce9953
https://lists.apache.org/list.html?announce@tomcat.apache.org
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/07/msg00009.html
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31651
https://tomcat.apache.org/security-10.html
https://tomcat.apache.org/security-11.html
https://tomcat.apache.org/security-9.html
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/28/3
2362782 https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2362782
CVE-2025-31651 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2025-31651
GHSA-ff77-26x5-69cr https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-ff77-26x5-69cr
RHSA-2025:19809 https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19809
RHSA-2025:19810 https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19810
RHSA-2025:22924 https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:22924
RHSA-2025:22925 https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:22925
RHSA-2025:23044 https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:23044
RHSA-2025:23045 https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:23045
RHSA-2025:23046 https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:23046
RHSA-2025:23047 https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:23047
RHSA-2025:23048 https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:23048
RHSA-2025:23049 https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:23049
RHSA-2025:23050 https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:23050
RHSA-2025:23051 https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:23051
RHSA-2025:23052 https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:23052
RHSA-2025:23053 https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:23053
RHSA-2026:0292 https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:0292
RHSA-2026:0293 https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:0293
RHSA-2026:2724 https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:2724
RHSA-2026:2725 https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:2725
RHSA-2026:2726 https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:2726
USN-7705-1 https://usn.ubuntu.com/7705-1/
No exploits are available.
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N Found at https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2025-31651.json
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

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physical

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Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N Found at https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/yaml/suse-cvss-scores.yaml
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

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adjacent_network

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Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U Found at https://github.com/apache/tomcat
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Attack Requirements (AT) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Vulnerable System Impact Confidentiality (VC) Vulnerable System Impact Integrity (VI) Vulnerable System Impact Availability (VA) Subsequent System Impact Confidentiality (SC) Subsequent System Impact Integrity (SI) Subsequent System Impact Availability (SA)

network

adjacent

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Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U Found at https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/066bf6b6a15a4e7e0941d4acf096841165b97098
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Attack Requirements (AT) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Vulnerable System Impact Confidentiality (VC) Vulnerable System Impact Integrity (VI) Vulnerable System Impact Availability (VA) Subsequent System Impact Confidentiality (SC) Subsequent System Impact Integrity (SI) Subsequent System Impact Availability (SA)

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Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U Found at https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/175dc75fc428930034a6c93fb52f830d955d8e64
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Attack Requirements (AT) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Vulnerable System Impact Confidentiality (VC) Vulnerable System Impact Integrity (VI) Vulnerable System Impact Availability (VA) Subsequent System Impact Confidentiality (SC) Subsequent System Impact Integrity (SI) Subsequent System Impact Availability (SA)

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Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U Found at https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/ee3ab548e92345eca0cbd1f01649eb36c6f29454
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Attack Requirements (AT) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Vulnerable System Impact Confidentiality (VC) Vulnerable System Impact Integrity (VI) Vulnerable System Impact Availability (VA) Subsequent System Impact Confidentiality (SC) Subsequent System Impact Integrity (SI) Subsequent System Impact Availability (SA)

network

adjacent

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physical

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Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U Found at https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/fbecc915a10c5a3d634c5e2c6ced4ff479ce9953
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Attack Requirements (AT) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Vulnerable System Impact Confidentiality (VC) Vulnerable System Impact Integrity (VI) Vulnerable System Impact Availability (VA) Subsequent System Impact Confidentiality (SC) Subsequent System Impact Integrity (SI) Subsequent System Impact Availability (SA)

network

adjacent

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Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Found at https://lists.apache.org/list.html?announce@tomcat.apache.org
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

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unchanged

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Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U Found at https://lists.apache.org/list.html?announce@tomcat.apache.org
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Attack Requirements (AT) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Vulnerable System Impact Confidentiality (VC) Vulnerable System Impact Integrity (VI) Vulnerable System Impact Availability (VA) Subsequent System Impact Confidentiality (SC) Subsequent System Impact Integrity (SI) Subsequent System Impact Availability (SA)

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Vector: SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:T/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-07-30T03:55:44Z/ Found at https://lists.apache.org/list.html?announce@tomcat.apache.org
Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U Found at https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/07/msg00009.html
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Attack Requirements (AT) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Vulnerable System Impact Confidentiality (VC) Vulnerable System Impact Integrity (VI) Vulnerable System Impact Availability (VA) Subsequent System Impact Confidentiality (SC) Subsequent System Impact Integrity (SI) Subsequent System Impact Availability (SA)

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Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U Found at https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31651
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Attack Requirements (AT) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Vulnerable System Impact Confidentiality (VC) Vulnerable System Impact Integrity (VI) Vulnerable System Impact Availability (VA) Subsequent System Impact Confidentiality (SC) Subsequent System Impact Integrity (SI) Subsequent System Impact Availability (SA)

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Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U Found at https://tomcat.apache.org/security-10.html
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Attack Requirements (AT) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Vulnerable System Impact Confidentiality (VC) Vulnerable System Impact Integrity (VI) Vulnerable System Impact Availability (VA) Subsequent System Impact Confidentiality (SC) Subsequent System Impact Integrity (SI) Subsequent System Impact Availability (SA)

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Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U Found at https://tomcat.apache.org/security-11.html
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Attack Requirements (AT) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Vulnerable System Impact Confidentiality (VC) Vulnerable System Impact Integrity (VI) Vulnerable System Impact Availability (VA) Subsequent System Impact Confidentiality (SC) Subsequent System Impact Integrity (SI) Subsequent System Impact Availability (SA)

network

adjacent

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Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U Found at https://tomcat.apache.org/security-9.html
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Attack Requirements (AT) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Vulnerable System Impact Confidentiality (VC) Vulnerable System Impact Integrity (VI) Vulnerable System Impact Availability (VA) Subsequent System Impact Confidentiality (SC) Subsequent System Impact Integrity (SI) Subsequent System Impact Availability (SA)

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Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U Found at http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/28/3
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Attack Requirements (AT) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Vulnerable System Impact Confidentiality (VC) Vulnerable System Impact Integrity (VI) Vulnerable System Impact Availability (VA) Subsequent System Impact Confidentiality (SC) Subsequent System Impact Integrity (SI) Subsequent System Impact Availability (SA)

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Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)
Percentile 0.58829
EPSS Score 0.0037
Published At April 2, 2026, 12:55 p.m.
Date Actor Action Source VulnerableCode Version
2026-04-01T12:38:03.955031+00:00 Apache Tomcat Importer Import https://tomcat.apache.org/security-11.html 38.0.0