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Vulnerability details: VCID-snx9-ez2a-ffep
Vulnerability ID VCID-snx9-ez2a-ffep
Aliases CVE-2023-3597
GHSA-4f53-xh3v-g8x4
Summary Keycloak secondary factor bypass in step-up authentication Keycloak does not correctly validate its client step-up authentication. A password-authed attacker could use this flaw to register a false second auth factor, alongside the existing one, to a targeted account. The second factor then permits step-up authentication.
Status Published
Exploitability 0.5
Weighted Severity 6.2
Risk 3.1
Affected and Fixed Packages Package Details
Weaknesses (4)
CWE-287 Improper Authentication
CWE-288 Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel
CWE-937 OWASP Top Ten 2013 Category A9 - Using Components with Known Vulnerabilities
CWE-1035 OWASP Top Ten 2017 Category A9 - Using Components with Known Vulnerabilities
System Score Found at
cvssv3.1 5 https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1866
cvssv3.1 5.0 https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1866
generic_textual MODERATE https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1866
ssvc Track https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1866
cvssv3.1 5 https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1867
cvssv3.1 5.0 https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1867
generic_textual MODERATE https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1867
ssvc Track https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1867
cvssv3.1 5 https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1868
cvssv3.1 5.0 https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1868
generic_textual MODERATE https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1868
ssvc Track https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1868
cvssv3 5.0 https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2023-3597.json
cvssv3.1 5 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-3597
cvssv3.1 5.0 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-3597
generic_textual MODERATE https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-3597
ssvc Track https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-3597
epss 0.00068 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-3597
epss 0.00068 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-3597
epss 0.00068 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-3597
epss 0.00068 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-3597
epss 0.00068 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-3597
epss 0.00068 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-3597
epss 0.00068 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-3597
epss 0.00068 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-3597
epss 0.00068 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-3597
epss 0.00068 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-3597
epss 0.00068 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-3597
epss 0.00068 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-3597
epss 0.00068 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-3597
epss 0.00068 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-3597
epss 0.00068 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-3597
epss 0.00068 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-3597
epss 0.00068 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-3597
epss 0.00068 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-3597
epss 0.00068 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-3597
cvssv3.1 5 https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2221760
cvssv3.1 5.0 https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2221760
generic_textual MODERATE https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2221760
ssvc Track https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2221760
cvssv3.1_qr MODERATE https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-4f53-xh3v-g8x4
cvssv3.1 5.0 https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak
generic_textual MODERATE https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak
cvssv3.1 5.0 https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak/commit/aa634aee882892960a526e49982806e103c8a432
generic_textual MODERATE https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak/commit/aa634aee882892960a526e49982806e103c8a432
cvssv3.1 5.0 https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak/security/advisories/GHSA-4f53-xh3v-g8x4
cvssv3.1_qr MODERATE https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak/security/advisories/GHSA-4f53-xh3v-g8x4
generic_textual MODERATE https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak/security/advisories/GHSA-4f53-xh3v-g8x4
cvssv3.1 5.0 https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-3597
generic_textual MODERATE https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-3597
Reference id Reference type URL
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1866
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1867
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1868
https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2023-3597.json
https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-3597
https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-3597
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2221760
https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak
https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak/commit/aa634aee882892960a526e49982806e103c8a432
https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak/security/advisories/GHSA-4f53-xh3v-g8x4
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-3597
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:22 https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/search/results?adv_search=true&isCpeNameSearch=true&query=cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:22
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:22::el9 https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/search/results?adv_search=true&isCpeNameSearch=true&query=cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:22::el9
cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_single_sign_on:7.6 https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/search/results?adv_search=true&isCpeNameSearch=true&query=cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_single_sign_on:7.6
GHSA-4f53-xh3v-g8x4 https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-4f53-xh3v-g8x4
No exploits are available.
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L Found at https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1866
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

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Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L Found at https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1866
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

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Vector: SSVCv2/E:N/A:N/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2024-05-02T15:08:53Z/ Found at https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1866
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L Found at https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1867
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

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Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L Found at https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1867
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

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Vector: SSVCv2/E:N/A:N/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2024-05-02T15:08:53Z/ Found at https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1867
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L Found at https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1868
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

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Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L Found at https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1868
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

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Vector: SSVCv2/E:N/A:N/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2024-05-02T15:08:53Z/ Found at https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1868
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L Found at https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2023-3597.json
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

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Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L Found at https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-3597
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

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Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L Found at https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-3597
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

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required

unchanged

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Vector: SSVCv2/E:N/A:N/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2024-05-02T15:08:53Z/ Found at https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-3597
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L Found at https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2221760
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

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Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L Found at https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2221760
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

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required

unchanged

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Vector: SSVCv2/E:N/A:N/T:P/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2024-05-02T15:08:53Z/ Found at https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2221760
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L Found at https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

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Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L Found at https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak/commit/aa634aee882892960a526e49982806e103c8a432
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

high

none

required

unchanged

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high

low

none

high

low

none

high

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Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L Found at https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak/security/advisories/GHSA-4f53-xh3v-g8x4
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

high

none

required

unchanged

changed

high

low

none

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low

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Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L Found at https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-3597
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

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Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)
Percentile 0.21285
EPSS Score 0.00068
Published At July 30, 2025, 12:55 p.m.
Date Actor Action Source VulnerableCode Version
2025-07-31T08:30:26.908826+00:00 GithubOSV Importer Import https://github.com/github/advisory-database/blob/main/advisories/github-reviewed/2024/04/GHSA-4f53-xh3v-g8x4/GHSA-4f53-xh3v-g8x4.json 37.0.0