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Vulnerability details: VCID-swc4-ypny-k3ar
Vulnerability ID VCID-swc4-ypny-k3ar
Aliases CVE-2025-31651
GHSA-ff77-26x5-69cr
Summary Apache Tomcat Rewrite rule bypass Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences vulnerability in Apache Tomcat. For a subset of unlikely rewrite rule configurations, it was possible for a specially crafted request to bypass some rewrite rules. If those rewrite rules effectively enforced security constraints, those constraints could be bypassed. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.5, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.39, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.102. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 9.0.104, 10.1.40 or 11.0.6, which fix the issue.
Status Published
Exploitability 0.5
Weighted Severity 8.8
Risk 4.4
Affected and Fixed Packages Package Details
Weaknesses (4)
CWE-116 Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
CWE-150 Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences
CWE-937 OWASP Top Ten 2013 Category A9 - Using Components with Known Vulnerabilities
CWE-1035 OWASP Top Ten 2017 Category A9 - Using Components with Known Vulnerabilities
System Score Found at
cvssv3 5.3 https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2025-31651.json
epss 0.00054 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-31651
epss 0.00054 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-31651
epss 0.00056 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-31651
epss 0.00056 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-31651
epss 0.00056 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-31651
epss 0.00056 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-31651
epss 0.00056 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-31651
epss 0.00056 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-31651
epss 0.00056 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-31651
epss 0.00056 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-31651
epss 0.00056 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-31651
epss 0.00056 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-31651
epss 0.00056 https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-31651
apache_tomcat Low https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2025-31651
cvssv3.1 7.5 https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/yaml/suse-cvss-scores.yaml
cvssv3.1_qr LOW https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-ff77-26x5-69cr
generic_textual LOW https://github.com/apache/tomcat
generic_textual LOW https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/066bf6b6a15a4e7e0941d4acf096841165b97098
generic_textual LOW https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/175dc75fc428930034a6c93fb52f830d955d8e64
generic_textual LOW https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/ee3ab548e92345eca0cbd1f01649eb36c6f29454
generic_textual LOW https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/fbecc915a10c5a3d634c5e2c6ced4ff479ce9953
cvssv3.1 9.8 https://lists.apache.org/list.html?announce@tomcat.apache.org
generic_textual LOW https://lists.apache.org/list.html?announce@tomcat.apache.org
ssvc Track https://lists.apache.org/list.html?announce@tomcat.apache.org
cvssv3.1 9.8 https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31651
generic_textual LOW https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31651
generic_textual LOW https://tomcat.apache.org/security-10.html
generic_textual LOW https://tomcat.apache.org/security-11.html
generic_textual LOW https://tomcat.apache.org/security-9.html
generic_textual LOW http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/28/3
Reference id Reference type URL
https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2025-31651.json
https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-31651
https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/yaml/suse-cvss-scores.yaml
https://github.com/apache/tomcat
https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/066bf6b6a15a4e7e0941d4acf096841165b97098
https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/175dc75fc428930034a6c93fb52f830d955d8e64
https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/ee3ab548e92345eca0cbd1f01649eb36c6f29454
https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/fbecc915a10c5a3d634c5e2c6ced4ff479ce9953
https://lists.apache.org/list.html?announce@tomcat.apache.org
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31651
https://tomcat.apache.org/security-10.html
https://tomcat.apache.org/security-11.html
https://tomcat.apache.org/security-9.html
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/28/3
2362782 https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2362782
cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/search/results?adv_search=true&isCpeNameSearch=true&query=cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
CVE-2025-31651 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2025-31651
GHSA-ff77-26x5-69cr https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-ff77-26x5-69cr
No exploits are available.
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N Found at https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2025-31651.json
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

high

none

required

unchanged

changed

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N Found at https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/yaml/suse-cvss-scores.yaml
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

high

none

required

unchanged

changed

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Found at https://lists.apache.org/list.html?announce@tomcat.apache.org
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

high

none

required

unchanged

changed

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none
Vector: SSVCv2/E:N/A:Y/T:T/P:M/B:A/M:M/D:T/2025-05-06T20:12:56Z/ Found at https://lists.apache.org/list.html?announce@tomcat.apache.org
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Found at https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31651
Attack Vector (AV) Attack Complexity (AC) Privileges Required (PR) User Interaction (UI) Scope (S) Confidentiality Impact (C) Integrity Impact (I) Availability Impact (A)

network

adjacent_network

local

physical

low

high

none

low

high

none

required

unchanged

changed

high

low

none

high

low

none

high

low

none
Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)
Percentile 0.16971
EPSS Score 0.00054
Published At June 30, 2025, 12:55 p.m.
Date Actor Action Source VulnerableCode Version
2025-07-01T12:12:03.817954+00:00 GithubOSV Importer Import https://github.com/github/advisory-database/blob/main/advisories/github-reviewed/2025/04/GHSA-ff77-26x5-69cr/GHSA-ff77-26x5-69cr.json 36.1.3