Package Instance

Insufficient Session Expiration
A flaw was found in Keycloak. This flaw allows a malicious user that is currently logged-in, to see the personal information of a previously logged-out user in the account manager section.

Improper authorization in Keycloak
Due to improper authorization, Red Hat Single Sign-On is vulnerable to users performing actions that they should not be allowed to perform. It was possible to add users to the master realm even though no respective permission was granted.

Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
A flaw was found in Keycloak, where it is possible to force the server to call out an unverified URL using the `OIDC` parameter `request_uri`. This flaw allows an attacker to use this parameter to execute a Server-side request forgery (SSRF) attack.

Keycloak Denial of Service vulnerability
A denial of service vulnerability was found in keycloak where the amount of attributes per object is not limited, an attacker by sending repeated HTTP requests could cause a resource exhaustion when the application send back rows with long attribute values. The issue is fixed in Keycloak 24 with the introduction of the User Profile feature.

Keycloak Open Redirect vulnerability
An open redirect vulnerability was found in Keycloak. A specially crafted URL can be constructed where the `referrer` and `referrer_uri` parameters are made to trick a user to visit a malicious webpage. A trusted URL can trick users and automation into believing that the URL is safe, when, in fact, it redirects to a malicious server. This issue can result in a victim inadvertently trusting the destination of the redirect, potentially leading to a successful phishing attack or other types of attacks.

Once a crafted URL is made, it can be sent to a Keycloak admin via email for example. This will trigger this vulnerability when the user visits the page and clicks the link. A malicious actor can use this to target users they know are Keycloak admins for further attacks. It may also be possible to bypass other domain-related security checks, such as supplying this as a OAuth redirect uri. The malicious actor can further obfuscate the `redirect_uri` using URL encoding, to hide the text of the actual malicious website domain.

Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) in Keycloak via groups dropdown
### Summary

A Stored XSS vulnerability was reported in the Keycloak Security mailing list, affecting all the versions of Keycloak, including the latest release (16.0.1). The vulnerability allows a privileged attacker to execute malicious scripts in the admin console, abusing of the groups' dropdown functionality. 

### Impact

Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result a privileged attacker to load a XSS script, and steal data from other users. The impact can be considered moderate to low, considering privileged credentials are required.

### References
- Please refer to the Keycloak Security mailing list for more information.

Improper Certificate Validation
A flaw was found in Keycloak in versions before 10.0.0, where it does not perform the TLS hostname verification while sending emails using the SMTP server. This flaw allows an attacker to perform a man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack.

Execution with Unnecessary Privileges
A flaw was found in Keycloak where it is possible to update the user's metadata attributes using Account REST API. This flaw allows an attacker to change its own NameID attribute to impersonate the admin user for any particular application.