Package Instance

Rack has an Unbounded-Parameter DoS in Rack::QueryParser
## Summary

`Rack::QueryParser` parses query strings and `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` bodies into Ruby data structures without imposing any limit on the number of parameters, allowing attackers to send requests with extremely large numbers of parameters.

## Details

The vulnerability arises because `Rack::QueryParser` iterates over each `&`-separated key-value pair and adds it to a Hash without enforcing an upper bound on the total number of parameters. This allows an attacker to send a single request containing hundreds of thousands (or more) of parameters, which consumes excessive memory and CPU during parsing.

## Impact

An attacker can trigger denial of service by sending specifically crafted HTTP requests, which can cause memory exhaustion or pin CPU resources, stalling or crashing the Rack server. This results in full service disruption until the affected worker is restarted.

## Mitigation

- Update to a version of Rack that limits the number of parameters parsed, or
- Use middleware to enforce a maximum query string size or parameter count, or
- Employ a reverse proxy (such as Nginx) to limit request sizes and reject oversized query strings or bodies.

Limiting request body sizes and query string lengths at the web server or CDN level is an effective mitigation.

Escape Sequence Injection vulnerability in Rack lead to Possible Log Injection
## Summary

`Rack::Sendfile` can be exploited by crafting input that includes newline characters to manipulate log entries.

## Details

The `Rack::Sendfile` middleware logs unsanitized header values from the `X-Sendfile-Type` header. An attacker can exploit this by injecting escape sequences (such as newline characters) into the header, resulting in log injection.

## Impact

This vulnerability can distort log files, obscure attack traces, and complicate security auditing.

## Mitigation

- Update to the latest version of Rack, or
- Remove usage of `Rack::Sendfile`.

Rack has a Possible Information Disclosure Vulnerability
A possible information disclosure vulnerability existed in `Rack::Sendfile` when running behind a proxy that supports `x-sendfile` headers (such as Nginx). Specially crafted headers could cause `Rack::Sendfile` to miscommunicate with the proxy and trigger unintended internal requests, potentially bypassing proxy-level access restrictions.

Rack is vulnerable to a memory-exhaustion DoS through unbounded URL-encoded body parsing
`Rack::Request#POST` reads the entire request body into memory for `Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded`, calling `rack.input.read(nil)` without enforcing a length or cap. Large request bodies can therefore be buffered completely into process memory before parsing, leading to denial of service (DoS) through memory exhaustion.

Possible Log Injection in Rack::CommonLogger
## Summary

`Rack::CommonLogger` can be exploited by crafting input that includes newline characters to manipulate log entries. The supplied proof-of-concept demonstrates injecting malicious content into logs.

## Details

When a user provides the authorization credentials via `Rack::Auth::Basic`, if success, the username will be put in `env['REMOTE_USER']` and later be used by `Rack::CommonLogger` for logging purposes.

The issue occurs when a server intentionally or unintentionally allows a user creation with the username contain CRLF and white space characters, or the server just want to log every login attempts. If an attacker enters a username with CRLF character, the logger will log the malicious username with CRLF characters into the logfile.

## Impact

Attackers can break log formats or insert fraudulent entries, potentially obscuring real activity or injecting malicious data into log files.

## Mitigation

- Update to the latest version of Rack.

Local File Inclusion in Rack::Static
## Summary

`Rack::Static` can serve files under the specified `root:` even if `urls:` are provided, which may expose other files under the specified `root:` unexpectedly.

## Details

The vulnerability occurs because `Rack::Static` does not properly sanitize user-supplied paths before serving files. Specifically, encoded path traversal sequences are not correctly validated, allowing attackers to access files outside the designated static file directory.

## Impact

By exploiting this vulnerability, an attacker can gain access to all files under the specified `root:` directory, provided they are able to determine then path of the file.

## Mitigation

- Update to the latest version of Rack, or
- Remove usage of `Rack::Static`, or
- Ensure that `root:` points at a directory path which only contains files which should be accessed publicly.

It is likely that a CDN or similar static file server would also mitigate the issue.