Vulnerability Instance

IOActive security researcher Dan Kaminsky reported a
mismatch in the treatment of domain names in SSL certificates between SSL
clients and the Certificate Authorities (CA) which issue server certificates.
In particular, if a malicious person requested a certificate for a host name
with an invalid null character in it most CAs would issue the
certificate if the requester owned the domain specified after the null, while
most SSL clients (browsers) ignored that part of the name and used the
unvalidated part in front of the null. This made it possible for attackers to
obtain certificates that would function for any site they wished to target.
These certificates could be used to intercept and potentially alter encrypted
communication between the client and a server such as sensitive bank
account transactions.This vulnerability was independently reported to us by researcher
Moxie Marlinspike who also noted that since Firefox
relies on SSL to protect the integrity of security updates this attack
could be used to serve malicious updates. Mozilla would like to thank Dan and the Microsoft Vulnerability
Research team for coordinating a multiple-vendor response to this problem.