Package Instance

Ruby Exception#to_s / NameError#to_s Methods Safe Level Security Bypass
Ruby 1.9.3 before patchlevel 286 and 2.0 before revision r37068 allows
context-dependent attackers to bypass safe-level restrictions and modify
untainted strings via the (1) exc_to_s or (2) name_err_to_s API function,
which marks the string as tainted, a different vulnerability than
CVE-2012-4466. NOTE: this issue might exist because of a CVE-2011-1005
regression.

actionpack Cross-site Scripting vulnerability
Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in `actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/sanitize_helper.rb` in the `strip_tags` helper in Ruby on Rails before 2.3.16, 3.0.x before 3.0.17, 3.1.x before 3.1.8, and 3.2.x before 3.2.8 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via malformed HTML markup.

Ruby name_err_mesg_to_str Method Safe Level Security Bypass
Ruby 1.8.7 before patchlevel 371, 1.9.3 before patchlevel 286, and 2.0 before
revision r37068 allows context-dependent attackers to bypass safe-level
restrictions and modify untainted strings via the name_err_mesg_to_str API
function, which marks the string as tainted, a different vulnerability than
CVE-2011-1005.

activesupport Cross-site Scripting vulnerability
Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in `activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/output_safety.rb` in Ruby on Rails before 2.3.16, 3.0.x before , 3.1.x before 3.1.8, and 3.2.x before 3.2.8 might allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via vectors involving a ' (quote) character.

SQL injection vulnerability in Active Record
Due to the way Active Record handles nested query parameters, an attacker can use a specially crafted request to inject some forms of SQL into your application's SQL queries.

actionpack Improper Authentication vulnerability
The `decode_credentials` method in `actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/http_authentication.rb` in Ruby on Rails before 3.0.16, 3.1.x before 3.1.7, and 3.2.x before 3.2.7 converts Digest Authentication strings to symbols, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service by leveraging access to an application that uses a `with_http_digest` helper method, as demonstrated by the `authenticate_or_request_with_http_digest` method.

actionpack allows remote attackers to bypass database-query restrictions, perform NULL checks via crafted request
`actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/request.rb` in Ruby on Rails before 3.0.14, 3.1.x before 3.1.6, and 3.2.x before 3.2.6 does not properly consider differences in parameter handling between the Active Record component and the Rack interface, which allows remote attackers to bypass intended database-query restrictions and perform NULL checks via a crafted request, as demonstrated by certain `['xyz', nil]` values, a related issue to CVE-2012-2660.

Incorrect temporary file usage
The ruby_parser Gem does not create temporary files securely. In the `diff_pp` function contained in `lib/gauntlet_rubyparser.rb` function, it creates files as `/tmp/a.[pid]` and `/tmp/b.[pid]` which can be predicted and used for either a denial of service (file cannot be overwritten), or to change the contents of files that are writable.

activerecord vulnerable to SQL Injection
The Active Record component in Ruby on Rails efore 2.3.15, 3.0.x before 3.0.14, 3.1.x before 3.1.6, and 3.2.x before 3.2.6 does not properly implement the passing of request data to a where method in an ActiveRecord class, which allows remote attackers to conduct certain SQL injection attacks via nested query parameters that leverage improper handling of nested hashes, a related issue to CVE-2012-2661.

CVE-2012-4522 ruby: unintentional file creation caused by inserting an illegal NUL character
The rb_get_path_check function in file.c in Ruby 1.9.3 before
patchlevel 286 and Ruby 2.0.0 before r37163 allows context-dependent
attackers to create files in unexpected locations or with unexpected
names via a NUL byte in a file path.

SQL Injection
Ruby on Rails contains a flaw related to the way ActiveRecord handles parameters in conjunction with the way Rack parses query parameters. This issue may allow an attacker to inject arbitrary `IS NULL` clauses in to application SQL queries. This may also allow an attacker to have the SQL query check for `NULL` in arbitrary places.

Circumvention of attr_protected
The attr_protected method allows developers to specify a denylist of model attributes which users should not be allowed to assign to. By using a specially crafted request, attackers could circumvent this protection and alter values that were meant to be protected.

Ruby on Rails Potential XSS Vulnerability in select_tag prompt
When a value for the `prompt` field is supplied to the `select_tag` helper, the value is not escaped. If untrusted data is not escaped, and is supplied as the prompt value, there is a potential for XSS attacks.

CVE-2012-5371 ruby: Murmur hash-flooding DoS flaw in ruby 1.9 (oCERT-2012-001)
Ruby (aka CRuby) 1.9 before 1.9.3-p327 and 2.0 before r37575 computes
hash values without properly restricting the ability to trigger hash
collisions predictably, which allows context-dependent attackers to
cause a denial of service (CPU consumption) via crafted input to an
application that maintains a hash table, as demonstrated by a universal
multicollision attack against a variant of the MurmurHash2
algorithm, a different vulnerability than CVE-2011-4815.

Unsafe Query Generation Risk in Ruby on Rails
Due to the way Active Record interprets parameters in combination with the way that JSON parameters are parsed, it is possible for an attacker to issue unexpected database queries with "IS NULL" or empty where clauses. This issue does *not* let an attacker insert arbitrary values into an SQL query, however they can cause the query to check for NULL or eliminate a WHERE clause when most users wouldn't expect it.