Package Instance

protobuf-java has potential Denial of Service issue
### Summary
When parsing unknown fields in the Protobuf Java Lite and Full library,
a maliciously crafted message can cause a StackOverflow error and lead
to a program crash.

Reporter: Alexis Challande, Trail of Bits Ecosystem Security
Team <ecosystem@trailofbits.com>

Affected versions: This issue affects all versions of both the Java
full and lite Protobuf runtimes, as well as Protobuf for Kotlin and
JRuby, which themselves use the Java Protobuf runtime.

### Severity
[CVE-2024-7254](https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2024-7254)
**High** CVSS4.0 Score 8.7 (NOTE: there may be a delay in publication)

This is a potential Denial of Service. Parsing nested groups as unknown
fields with DiscardUnknownFieldsParser or Java Protobuf Lite parser,
or against Protobuf map fields, creates unbounded recursions that can
be abused by an attacker.

### Proof of Concept
For reproduction details, please refer to the unit tests (Protobuf Java
[LiteTest](https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/blob/a037f28ff81ee45ebe008c64ab632bf5372242ce/java/lite/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LiteTest.java)
and [CodedInputStreamTest](https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/blob/a037f28ff81ee45ebe008c64ab632bf5372242ce/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedInputStreamTest.java))
that identify the specific inputs that exercise this parsing weakness.

### Remediation and Mitigation
We have been working diligently to address this issue and have released
a mitigation that is available now. Please update to the latest
available versions of the following packages:

* protobuf-java (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2)
* protobuf-javalite (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2)
* protobuf-kotlin (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2)
* protobuf-kotlin-lite (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2)
* com-protobuf [JRuby gem only] (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2)

protobuf-python has a potential Denial of Service issue
Any project that uses Protobuf pure-Python backend to parse untrusted Protocol Buffers data containing an arbitrary number of **recursive groups**, **recursive messages** or **a series of [`SGROUP`](https://protobuf.dev/programming-guides/encoding/#groups) tags** can be corrupted by exceeding the Python recursion limit.

Reporter: Alexis Challande, Trail of Bits Ecosystem Security Team
[ecosystem@trailofbits.com](mailto:ecosystem@trailofbits.com)